The Radar Detection Of Small Meteor Trails
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Radar Detection of Meteor Trails
| Author | : Sir Edward Victor Appleton |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 2 |
| Release | : 1932 |
| Genre | : Radio astronomy |
| ISBN | : |
Meteoroids
| Author | : Galina O. Ryabova |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 321 |
| Release | : 2019-10-10 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1108683584 |
This definitive guide provides advanced students and researchers with a detailed yet accessible overview of all of the central topics of meteor science. Leading figures from the field summarise their active research on themes ranging from the physical composition of meteoroids to the most recent optical and radar observations and ongoing theoretical developments. Crucial practical issues are also considered, such as the risk posed by meteoroids - to spacecraft, and on the ground - and future avenues of research are explored. Taking advantage of the latest dynamical models, insights are offered into meteor flight phenomena and the evolution of meteoroid streams and complexes, as well as describing the in-depth laboratory analysis of recovered material. The rapid rate of progress in twenty-first-century research makes this volume essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand how recent developments broaden our understanding of meteors, meteoroids and their origins.
Radar Meteor Trail Task
| Author | : Arnold A. Barnes |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 58 |
| Release | : 1972 |
| Genre | : Meteors |
| ISBN | : |
An advanced, inexpensive, transportable radar meteor trail set was developed and was recommended as an international standard by IUCSTP at the Moscow 1971 COSPAR meeting. The interferometer height-measuring technique, tested with the CRLH 001 Beacon in satellite OV1-17, was also recommended because of ground calibration capability and achieved accuracy. Computer programs for data reduction and advanced analysis were used to reduce and study wind and density data from AFCRL, Eglin AFB, Stanford University and the University of New Hampshire. Results were compared with other investigators' findings. (Author).
Height Determination of Radar Echoes from Meteor Trails
| Author | : Stanford University. Stanford Electronics Laboratories |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 60 |
| Release | : 1966 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
When determining the height from which radar echoes from ionized meteor trails are received, the short duration of these echoes and the fairly low frequency needed to obtain them present problems not normally encountered in radar position finding. Four methods involving triangulation and angle measurements are investigated and measurement errors are analyzed. The particular choice of method for the Stanford meteor radar is explained and the system used is described. An inexpensive way to measure the height difference between two reflection points on a trail is indicated. (Author).
Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 178 |
| Release | : 2011-12-16 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309219744 |
Derelict satellites, equipment and other debris orbiting Earth (aka space junk) have been accumulating for many decades and could damage or even possibly destroy satellites and human spacecraft if they collide. During the past 50 years, various National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) communities have contributed significantly to maturing meteoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) programs to their current state. Satellites have been redesigned to protect critical components from MMOD damage by moving critical components from exterior surfaces to deep inside a satellite's structure. Orbits are monitored and altered to minimize the risk of collision with tracked orbital debris. MMOD shielding added to the International Space Station (ISS) protects critical components and astronauts from potentially catastrophic damage that might result from smaller, untracked debris and meteoroid impacts. Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft: An Assessment of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Program examines NASA's efforts to understand the meteoroid and orbital debris environment, identifies what NASA is and is not doing to mitigate the risks posed by this threat, and makes recommendations as to how they can improve their programs. While the report identified many positive aspects of NASA's MMOD programs and efforts including responsible use of resources, it recommends that the agency develop a formal strategic plan that provides the basis for prioritizing the allocation of funds and effort over various MMOD program needs. Other necessary steps include improvements in long-term modeling, better measurements, more regular updates of the debris environmental models, and other actions to better characterize the long-term evolution of the debris environment.
An Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves
| Author | : Carmen J. Nappo |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 300 |
| Release | : 2002-09-12 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080491669 |
Gravity waves exist in all types of geophysical fluids, such as lakes, oceans, and atmospheres. They play an important role in redistributing energy at disturbances, such as mountains or seamounts and they are routinely studied in meteorology and oceanography, particularly simulation models, atmospheric weather models, turbulence, air pollution, and climate research. An Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves provides readers with a working background of the fundamental physics and mathematics of gravity waves, and introduces a wide variety of applications and numerous recent advances. Nappo provides a concise volume on gravity waves with a lucid discussion of current observational techniques and instrumentation. Foreword is written by Prof. George Chimonas, a renowned expert on the interactions of gravity waves with turbulence. CD containing real data, computer codes for data analysis and linear gravity wave models included with the text
Simultaneous Radar and Video Meteors
| Author | : Robert Joseph Weryk |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 442 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The goal of this thesis is to better understand the physical and chemical properties of meteoroids by using simultaneous radar and video observations of meteors. The Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR) and several Gen-III image-intensified CCD cameras were used to measure common meteors and validate metric errors determined through Monte Carlo modelling and to relate radar electron line density (q) to video photon radiant power (I). By adopting an ionisation coe cient from Jones (1997) and using recorded measurements of q=I, a corresponding estimate of the fraction of meteoroid kinetic energy loss converted into light (luminous e ciency) was found. It was found that 7% 3% of video meteors were also simultaneously detected as specular echoes by radar, larger than the expected 2% {u100000} 5% from modelling. Errors in the per-frame position measurements for video meteors were found to be anisotropic, with video speeds being higher on average compared to radar speeds, consistent with more deceleration in specular radar measurements. Most radar detections occurred near the end of their meteor trails, suggesting simultaneous observations are biased towards larger, non-fragmenting meteoroids. The peak luminous e ciency was found to be 5:9% at 41 km=s. The magnitude scale and electron line density were found to relate as M = (38:7 1:2) {u100000} 2:5 log10 q. These results suggest the masses of higher speed meteoroids are an order of magnitude smaller than previously thought, implying the total meteoroid mass influx for small meteoroids is below earlier estimates. The main uncertainties associated with this analysis are the unknown spectra of individual meteors (which a ects estimates of I), and assumptions of the initial meteor trail radius (which a ects estimates of q). To improve future simultaneous comparisons, an automated video meteor observatory was constructed. This system, named the Canadian Automated Meteor Observatory (CAMO), features a guided camera which tracks meteors in real-time, giving higher precision video measurements of deceleration and fragmentation for comparison to radar measurements. CAMO can also be used to constrain numerical meteoroid ablation models and to measure the meteoroid mass in-flux at Earth.
