The Question Of The Sanjak Of Alexandretta
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Question of Alexandretta and Antioch
Author | : League of Nations. Secretariat |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 2 |
Release | : 1936 |
Genre | : Antioch (Turkey) |
ISBN | : |
The Sanjak of Alexandretta: a Case Study of Law and Power During the Inter-war Period, 1919-1939
Author | : Edward Weisband |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 348 |
Release | : 1966 |
Genre | : Alexandretta (Sanjak) |
ISBN | : |
Question of Alexandretta and Antioch
Author | : League of Nations. Secretariat |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 2 |
Release | : 1936 |
Genre | : French |
ISBN | : |
Note of the appointment of M. L.J.J. Caron, M. Hans Holstead, and M. Charles von Wattenwyl as observers regarding the question of Alexandretta and Antioch, en route to Sanjak (iskenderun).
Question of Alexandretta
Author | : League of Nations. Council |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 24 |
Release | : 1938 |
Genre | : Election Law |
ISBN | : |
Question of Alexandretta and Antioch
Author | : League of Nations. Delegation from Turkey |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 24 |
Release | : 1936 |
Genre | : Alexandretta (Sanjak) |
ISBN | : |
Question of Alexandretta and Antioch
Author | : Turkey. Hariciye Vekâleti |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 2 |
Release | : 1936 |
Genre | : Antioch (Turkey) |
ISBN | : |
Fezzes in the River
Author | : Sarah D. Shields |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 319 |
Release | : 2011-03-16 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 019979300X |
Self-determination, imported into the Middle East on the heels of World War I, held out the promise of democratic governance to the former territories of the Ottoman Empire. The new states that European Great Powers carved out of the multilingual, multiethnic, and multireligious empire were expected to adhere to new forms of affiliation that emphasized previously unimportant differences. In 1936, the new Republic of Turkey lay claim to Antioch and the Sanjak (province) of Alexandretta, which the French had ruled since 1920 as part of its mandate over Syria. Turkey's ambassador made a passionate argument that Alexandretta was a homeland of the Turks, a place that was essentially Turkish. With France and Turkey unable to reach agreement, the League of Nations was called in to broker a compromise consistent with the spirit of the new democratic impulse, one of many disputes that it had to adjudicate as self-determination became a rallying cry for peoples who wanted to form new nations around their collective identities. Over the next four years, Turkey struggled for recognition of its claims to the territory, while Turkish authorities competed to win hearts and minds in Alexandretta province. In this nuanced narrative, Sarah D. Shields illuminates how the people of this region-about a quarter of a million Arabs, Armenians, Circassians, Kurds, and Turks-were forced to choose between Turkish and Arab identities. In the end, Shields shows, national identities played no role in the outcome of the dispute. What happened on the ground in this contested region was determined by Great Power diplomacy amidst the crisis of European democracy in the late 1930s, a story skillfully interwoven with the violent struggles that took place on the streets of the province. In the end, a new kind of identity politics was unleashed that redefined belonging, transformed nationalism, and set in motion the process of dysfunctional democracy that continues to plague the Middle East.
Identity and Turkish Foreign Policy
Author | : Umut Uzer |
Publisher | : Bloomsbury Publishing |
Total Pages | : 257 |
Release | : 2010-12-18 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 0857719017 |
Most analysts agree that Turkey's foreign policy is essentially peaceful, using diplomacy and multilateralism in the resolution of its conflicts with other states. Here, Umut Uzer offers a necessary corrective to this standard analysis by revealing the Kemalist influence in Turkey's state ideology. This defined the identity of the state as Turkish, resulting in responsibilities towards Turks residing beyond its borders, and a more engaged foreign policy that ranged from declarations of support for ethnic kin outside Turkey to outright takeover of territory. Focusing on the annexation of Hatay from Syria in 1939, Turkey's involvement in Cyprus culminating in a military operation in 1974 and its policy toward the Karabagh dispute between Azerbaijan and Armenia in the 1990s, "Identity and Turkish Foreign Policy" is indispensable for all those interested in Middle East politics and international relations as well as Turkey more specifically.