The Quantification Of Illegal Unreported And Unregulated Iuu Fishing In The Pacific Islands Region A 2020 Update
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| Author | : MRAG Asia Pacific (Souter D, Lowe J, Dixon C, Potts J, Banks R, Blaha F) |
| Publisher | : MRAG Asia Pacific |
| Total Pages | : 125 |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : |
Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a recognised global problem that undermines the integrity of responsible fisheries management arrangements and results in lost value to coastal states. The first attempt at quantifying the value and volume of IUU fishing in tuna fisheries within the Pacific Islands region was undertaken in 2016 using data from 2010-2015 (MRAG Asia Pacific, 2016). That study estimated the total volume of product either harvested or transhipped involving IUU activity in Pacific tuna fisheries was 306,440t, with an ex-vessel value of $616.11m. Nevertheless, the authors noted that the data and information underlying many of the estimates were highly uncertain and that the outputs should be seen as a ‘first cut’. In order to assess changes in the nature and extent of IUU fishing since that time, this study was commissioned as part of the Global Environment Facility-funded Pacific Islands Oceanic Fisheries Management Project II (OFMP II) to undertake a ‘2020 update’ of the original estimates. Broadly, the aim was to undertake an ‘apples vs apples’ update of the original estimates, using a consistent methodology and taking into account the latest available information. The study period covered the years 2017-2019. Importantly, this preceded any COVID-19 related impacts on monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) and IUU activity in the region. Broadly, we used a ‘bottom up’ approach to quantify IUU fishing activity across key IUU risks in four categories: (i) unlicensed/unauthorised fishing, (ii) misreporting, (iii) non-compliance with other license conditions (e.g. shark finning) and (iv) postharvest risks (e.g. illegal transhipping). ‘Best estimate’ and minimum/maximum range values were generated for each risk, taking into account the best available information. Monte Carlo simulation was then used to produce probabilistic estimates of IUU activity, taking into account probability distributions assigned within the minimum and maximum range values. Using this approach, estimates of IUU volume and value were developed for each of the three main fishing sectors – purse seine (PS), tropical longline (TLL) and southern longline (SLL) – and then aggregated to produce an overall estimate for Pacific Islands region tuna fisheries. The report sets out the outcomes from the analysis, as well as the main messages arising. The report also identifies priorities for future MCS development in the region across both purse seine and longline fisheries.
| Author | : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| Publisher | : Food & Agriculture Org. |
| Total Pages | : 64 |
| Release | : 2023-06-22 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9251379378 |
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) can play an important role in encouraging consistent and sound practices for estimating illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing activities around the world. This first volume in a series of guidance documents on this topic outlines guiding principles and approaches applicable to a broad range of IUU fishing estimation scenarios. It begins by defining which components of IUU fishing to estimate depending on the specific objectives of the exercise. It then helps to set boundaries for the estimation exercise based on the fishery, species, area and timeframe of interest. Top-down and bottom-up methodological approaches are introduced, with examples, as ways of partitioning an overall IUU fishing amount into component activities, or compiling estimates of IUU fishing at a granular scale to form an overall composite figure, respectively. Ideas for presenting results to maximize the uptake by stakeholders and decision-makers are also presented.
| Author | : Alin Kadfak |
| Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
| Total Pages | : 48 |
| Release | : 2023-06-27 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1000956091 |
Focusing on the experiences of Thailand and Australia, this book examines the impact of trade-restrictive measures as related to the EU’s regulations to prevent Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. It is widely accepted that IUU fishing is harmful, and should be stopped, but there are different approaches to tackling it. Acknowledging this, this book argues that major efforts to fight IUU fishing require careful analyses if the goal is to achieve optimal results and avoid unintended consequences. The book draws on the recent experiences of Thailand and Australia to offer an empirical examination of one increasingly prominent solution, trade-restrictive measures. With Thailand representing direct, active intervention by the EU and Australia a more indirect dispersion of policy narratives and discourses, the book provides a rounded view on how likely it is that different countries in different situations will adapt to the changing policy norms regarding IUU fishing. Understanding the reactions of countries who might be targeted, or otherwise be influenced by the policy, generates new knowledge that helps inform a more effective and scalable implementation of the policy on the part of the EU and a better governance preparedness on the part of non-EU fishing nations. In broader terms, this book exposes a key moment of change in the compatibility between environmental regulations and international trade. The EU IUU policy is a prime example of a policy that uses the mechanisms of international trade to account for environmental and conservation objectives. By way of the unilateral and trade-restrictive stance against IUU fishing, the EU has positioned itself as a major market and normative power, driving its sustainability norms outwards. This book sheds light on the efficacy of this policy setup based on the analysis of country perspectives, which is a key factor influencing its potential spread. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of international fisheries politics, marine conservation, environmental policy and international trade, and will also be of interest to policymakers working in these areas. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
| Author | : Wilcox, C., Mann, V., Cannard, T., Ford, J., Hoshino, E., Pascoe, S. |
| Publisher | : Food & Agriculture Org. |
| Total Pages | : 149 |
| Release | : 2021-03-31 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9251337950 |
Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing constitutes a persistent and pressing problem estimated to account for up to US$23 billion annually in the APFIC area. The effects of IUU fishing can be severe, particularly for small-island and coastal developing states heavily dependent on fisheries, and include adverse impacts on peoples’ livelihoods, food security, national economies and the environment. Countries unable to fulfil international obligations for fisheries management and governance risk incurring trade sanctions on their fisheries exports, an increasing issue as export markets tighten their permitting. Furthermore, IUU fishing is increasingly associated with national and transnational organised criminal activities, although the evidence remains mixed. FAO commissioned this report two years ago to produce an independent update to an unpublished 2015 study on IUU fishing in the APFIC area of competence, which was presented to the APFIC as an information paper in 2016 (FAO 2016a). The 2015 study used a mixture of media reports, literature review, and interviews to build a picture of hotspots of illegal fishing across the APFIC area of competence. This report builds on the previous work, incorporating additional analysis methods to predict illegal fishing in a transparent manner. Based on discussions with the APFIC Secretariat, it was decided to limit the study to the illegal component of IUU fishing. A key difference with the 2015 study is the extension of the estimation of illegal fishing from the 33 hotspots covered in the 2015 study to the entire APFIC area of competence in this study.This report provides the following key outputs: (i) development and implementation of an agreed methodology for estimating illegal fishing levels and progress; (ii) information from case studies in three Asia-Pacific countries; and (iii) analysis of results from the agreed method estimating the incidence of illegal fishing and implication of efforts to reduce it. The approach taken to achieve these goals included a structured online survey of fisheries officials in APFIC countries, semi-structured interviews of key informants knowledgeable about illegal fishing in the APFIC region, and analysis of articles on illegal fishing from public media data across the APFIC area of competence.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 112 |
| Release | : 2022-06-23 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264318607 |
The global COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected Fiji, hitting at backbone economic sectors, such as international tourism and export fisheries. It has also brought to the fore the need to embark on a more sustainable model of development.
| Author | : Bahri, T., Vasconcellos, M., Welch, D.J., Johnson, J., Perry, R.I., Ma, X. & Sharma, R. |
| Publisher | : Food & Agriculture Org. |
| Total Pages | : 301 |
| Release | : 2021-02-01 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9251338906 |
This report aims to accelerate climate change adaptation implementation in fisheries management throughout the world. It showcases how flexibility can be introduced in the fisheries management cycle in order to foster adaptation, strengthen the resilience of fisheries, reduce their vulnerability to climate change, and enable managers to respond in a timely manner to the projected changes in the dynamics of marine resources and ecosystems. The publication includes a set of good practices for climate-adaptive fisheries management that have proven their effectiveness and can be adapted to different contexts, providing a range of options for stakeholders including the fishing industry, fishery managers, policymakers and others involved in decision-making. These good practices were linked to one or more of the three common climate-related impacts on fisheries resources: distributional change; productivity change; and species composition change. Therefore, these three impacts can serve as practical entry points to guide decision-makers in identifying good practice adaptation measures suitable for their local contexts. These good practices are based upon transferable experiences and lessons learned from the thirteen case studies across the globe and hopefully will contribute to greater uptake and implementation of climate-adaptive fisheries management measures on the ground.
| Author | : Stobberup, K., Anganuzzi, A., Arthur-Dadzie, M., Baidoo-Tsibu, G., Hosken, M., Kebe, P., Kuruc, M., Loganimoce, E., Million, J., Scott, G., Spurrier, L., Tavaga, N. |
| Publisher | : Food & Agriculture Org. |
| Total Pages | : 84 |
| Release | : 2021-02-24 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9251338477 |
Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a serious threat to sustainable fisheries, marine ecosystems and the livelihoods of legitimate fishers globally. To address it, the Common Oceans ABNJ Tuna Project is exploring ways to strengthen and harmonize the use of monitoring, control and surveillance tools, and combat IUU fishing in tuna fisheries across the marine areas beyond national jurisdiction.One tool is the use of electronic monitoring systems to monitor individual vessel operations at sea. In a typical electronic monitoring application, cameras, recording video or still images, are deployed at key points on the vessel to allow a view of the fishing operation. The video footage is stored on hard drives that government officials can use to review compliance with regulations, as well as record detailed data on catch and effort. It was envisaged that industry would have access to these data for its own operational purposes.To test the best way to incorporate this technology as complementary compliance tool, two pilot trials were set up: one in Ghana to cover the domestic tuna purse seine fleet fishing; and one in Fiji to cover the domestic longline fisheries. Close collaboration was established between national governments and industry for implementation.The overall aim of the pilots was to develop an effective implementation process at the national level, so that the information could be properly utilized for compliance purposes. This report documents the successful completion of these trials, and the lessons learned that could benefit electronic monitoring programmes elsewhere.
| Author | : Mosteiro Cabanelas, A. (ed.), Quelch, G.D., Von Kistowski, K., Young, M., Carrara, G., Rey Aneiros, A., Franquesa Artés, R., Ásmundsson, S., Kuemlangan, B., Camilleri, M. |
| Publisher | : Food & Agriculture Org. |
| Total Pages | : 168 |
| Release | : 2020-12-14 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9251336849 |
Transshipment is a widespread practice in marine capture fisheries, that has recently been associated with a possible risk of introducing catches derived from illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing into the supply chain. This in-depth study was carried out in order to shed more light on the practice and make recommendations to inform future discussions on the development of international guidelines for the regulation, monitoring and control of transshipment. The report presents a background to the study, its approach and methodology, the key findings including possible elements of the guidelines, and discusses the main issues from the perspective of the risk of transshipment in supporting IUU fishing.
| Author | : Carl Bradley |
| Publisher | : Massey University Press |
| Total Pages | : 276 |
| Release | : 2020-04-19 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0995135479 |
In an interrelated and increasingly complex, dynamic and globalised security environment, New Zealand faces a range of complex and multifaceted non-traditional threats. They range from trade insecurity to terrorism and transnational crime, disputes over the control and exploitation of resources, and tensions linked to ideological, cultural and religious differences. The volume's contributors include local and international academics alongside experts who have extensive New Zealand security-sector expertise in defence, diplomacy, national security coordination, intelligence, policing, trade security and bordermanagement.New Zealand National Security: Challenges, Trends and Issues situates New Zealand within its broader political and regional security context and the various great and minor power tensions occurring within the Asia Pacific and South Pacific regions. It looks at how to protect New Zealand's border and the zones where its interests meet the world; it examines alternative ways of thinking and doing New Zealand's national security; and it looks at looming national security questions. It aims to provide New Zealanders with a critical awareness of the various salient security trends, challenges and opportunities to initiate a &‘whole of society' discussion of security.
| Author | : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| Publisher | : Food & Agriculture Org. |
| Total Pages | : 20 |
| Release | : 2018-06-06 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 9251300097 |
A Catch Documentation Scheme helps determine whether fish originate from catches that comply with applicable national, regional and international conservation and management measures. These Guidelines were elaborated in response to concerns expressed over the continued threat to marine habitats represented by illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing, and the negative impact it has on food security, particularly in developing regions.
