The Power Requirements For Mixing Concentrated Solid Liquid Suspensions
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The Power Requirement for Mixing Concentrated Solid/liquid Suspensions
| Author | : Ahmad Ismail Jomha |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 288 |
| Release | : 1987 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The present research programme has aimed to characterise the rheology of concentrated solid/liquid suspensions and to apply these data for the prediction of the power requirements for mixing the suspensions in mechanically agitated vessels. Two systems were used: Superclay/water and PVC/DOP in the solids concentration range 30-64% (by weight). Concentric cylinder viscometers were used for the steady shearing experiments and a Weissenberg Rheogoniometer R-18 was used for the unsteady superimposed oscillatory and steady shearing investigations. The effect of various parameters such as solids concentration, gap width in the viscometer, shearing time and shearing rate were studied. It was found that shear thickening/dilatant behaviour is observed over a relatively narrow range of shear rates outside which shear thinning and/or Newtonian properties are seen. The effect of solids concentration is to produce a dramatic increase in both apparent viscosity and dilatancy of the suspensions. The gap width in the viscometer has presented real problems when concentrated suspensions are to be characterised using concentric cylinder geometry. Smaller gaps (e.g. 1 mm) could give "viscosities" lower than those obtained from a larger gap (e.g. 6 mm) by 100%. This difference could not be accounted for using either velocity profile corrections or simple wall layer corrections. The superimposed oscillatory and steady shearing technique highlighted the complex rheological behaviour of the concentrated suspensions. These measurements revealed some characteristics of the suspensions which could not be picked up by the steady shearing experiments. The power input data which were obtained with various ribbons and anchors on two different scales revealed large deviations from the predicted powers using the average shear rate concept of the impeller. The measured powers exceeded the predicted powers by up to 700% in some cases. These discrepancies were probably due to the unsteady motion around an impeller blade in the mixing vessel.
Food Mixing
| Author | : P. J. Cullen |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 304 |
| Release | : 2009-07-21 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9781444309881 |
The mixing of liquids, solids and gases is one of the most commonunit operations in the food industry. Mixing increases thehomogeneity of a system by reducing non-uniformity or gradients incomposition, properties or temperature. Secondary objectives ofmixing include control of rates of heat and mass transfer,reactions and structural changes. In food processing applications,additional mixing challenges include sanitary design, complexrheology, desire for continuous processing and the effects ofmixing on final product texture and sensory profiles. Mixing ensures delivery of a product with constant properties. Forexample, consumers expect all containers of soups, breakfastcereals, fruit mixes, etc to contain the same amount of eachingredient. If mixing fails to achieve the requiredproduct yield, quality, organoleptic or functional attributes,production costs may increase significantly. This volume brings together essential information on theprinciples and applications of mixing within food processing. Whilethere are a number of creditable references covering generalmixing, such publications tend to be aimed at the chemical industryand so topics specific to food applications are often neglected.Chapters address the underlying principles of mixing, equipmentdesign, novel monitoring techniques and the numerical techniquesavailable to advance the scientific understanding of food mixing.Food mixing applications are described in detail. The book will be useful for engineers and scientists who need tospecify and select mixing equipment for specific processingapplications and will assist with the identification and solving ofthe wide range of mixing problems that occur in the food,pharmaceutical and bioprocessing industries. It will also be ofinterest to those who teach, study and research food science andfood engineering.
Solid-Liquid Two Phase Flow
| Author | : Sümer M. Peker |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 535 |
| Release | : 2011-04-18 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080553419 |
This book is an undertaking of a pioneering work of uniting three vast fields of interfacial phenomena, rheology and fluid mechanics within the framework of solid-liquid two phase flow. No wonder, much finer books will be written in the future as the visionary aims of many nations in combining molecular chemistry, biology, transport and interfacial phenomena for the fundamental understanding of processes and capabilities of new materials will be achieved. Solid-liquid systems where solid particles with a wide range of physical properties, sizes ranging from nano- to macro- scale and concentrations varying from very dilute to highly concentrated, are suspended in liquids of different rheological behavior flowing in various regimes are taken up in this book. Interactions among solid particles in molecular scale are extended to aggregations in the macro scale and related to settling, flow and rheological behavior of the suspensions in a coherent, sequential manner. The classical concept of solid particles is extended to include nanoparticles, colloids, microorganisms and cellular materials. The flow of these systems is investigated under pressure, electrical, magnetic and chemical driving forces in channels ranging from macro-scale pipes to micro channels. Complementary separation and mixing processes are also taken under consideration with micro- and macro-scale counterparts. - Up-to-date including emerging technologies- Coherent, sequential approach- Wide scope: microorganisms, nanoparticles, polymer solutions, minerals, wastewater sludge, etc- All flow conditions, settling and non-settling particles, non-Newtonian flow, etc- Processes accompanying conveying in channels, such as sedimentation, separation, mixing
Handbook of Industrial Mixing
| Author | : Edward L. Paul |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 1450 |
| Release | : 2004-02-17 |
| Genre | : Reference |
| ISBN | : 0471451444 |
Handbook of Industrial Mixing will explain the difference and uses of a variety of mixers including gear mixers, top entry mixers, side entry mixers, bottom entry mixers, on-line mixers, and submerged mixers The Handbook discusses the trade-offs among various mixers, concentrating on which might be considered for a particular process. Handbook of Industrial Mixing explains industrial mixers in a clear concise manner, and also: * Contains a CD-ROM with video clips showing different type of mixers in action and a overview of their uses. * Gives practical insights by the top professional in the field. * Details applications in key industries. * Provides the professional with information he did receive in school
Mixing and Crystallization
| Author | : Bhaskar Sen Gupta |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 333 |
| Release | : 2013-03-14 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401722900 |
We are honoured to present this collection of selected papers from the International Conference on Mixing and Crystallization, held at the Tioman Island, Malaysia in April, 1998. We are grateful to the editorial board comprising five eminent researchers in the field of mixing and crystallization for their thoughtful review and suggestions. In order to make this book as current as possible some of the papers have been thoroughly revised, which caused some delay in bringing out this edited version. We received necessary support from the Institute of Post Graduate Studies and Research, the University of Malaya and the Special Research Centre for Multiphase Processes, and the University of Newcastle, Australia in organizing this conference. We are indebted to the Institute of Chemical Engineers, United Kingdom, and the Institution of Engineers, Malaysia for their sponsorship. We would like to thank K.C. Lim, Dr. C. Ramakanth and Ms. Zubaidah for their help at the various stages of editing. We would also like to express our gratitude to Professor Mohd. Ali Hashim and Dr. Nafis Ahmed for their help and encouragement. Finally, I would like to thank Kluwer Academic Publishers for publishing this book. Bhaskar Sen Gupta Shaliza Ibrahim University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur xi CFD MODELLING OF HYDRODYNAMIC CONDITIONS WITHIN THE WAKE OF MIXING IMPELLER BLADES 1 G.D. RIGByl., G. LANE . AND G.M. EVANSl.
Fluid Mechanics of Mixing
| Author | : R. King |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 261 |
| Release | : 2013-03-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401579733 |
This volume is a selection of the material presented at the 7th European Mixing Congress. It is concerned exclusively with mixing in circular section vessels, using centrally mounted paddles or similar impellers. The contents are arranged under three classifications: Modelling of Mixing Processes, Mixing Operations and Experimental Techniques. The classifications result in the original material appearing in a different order to that of the Congress. This arrangement is intended to assist the reader in identifying the topic area by function or application, rather than by technology. In this book the section on Modelling contains papers which focus on the representation of the mixing process, whether by equation, scale-up criteria, or fluid dynamic simulation. Similarly, Mixing Operations are concerned with the application or function of the mixing process, such as mass transfer, heat transfer or mixing time. Experimental Techniques addresses the tools the researcher needs to use at the data gathering experimental stage. It collects together advances made in the various methods used by some of the foremost researchers, and indicates those areas still in need of additional instrumentation or methods of data reduction. The book is intended for researchers, designers and users of mixing equipment, and for those planning research and development programmes and who wish to keep up to date with advances in the basic technology and its applications.
Fluid Mixing IV
| Author | : H. Benkreira |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 480 |
| Release | : 1990 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781560321330 |
Mixing of Liquids by Mechanical Agitation
| Author | : Jaromír J. Ulbrecht |
| Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
| Total Pages | : 360 |
| Release | : 1985 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9782881241123 |
First published in 1985. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
10th European Conference on Mixing
| Author | : Harry E.A. Van den Akker |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 571 |
| Release | : 2000-06-14 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080525792 |
Traditionally, fluid mixing and the related multiphase contacting processes have always been regarded as an empirical technology. Many aspects of mixing, dispersing and contacting were related to power draw, but understanding of the phenomena was limited or qualitative at the most. In particular during the last decade, however, plant operation targets have tightened and product specifications have become stricter. The public awareness as to safety and environmental hygiene has increased. The drive towards larger degrees of sustainability in the process industries has urged for lower amounts of solvents and for higher yields and higher selectivities in chemical reactors. All this has resulted in a market pull: the need for more detailed insights in flow phenomena and processes and for better verifiable design and operation methods. Developments in miniaturisation of sensors and circuits as well as in computer technology have rendered leaps possible in computer simulation and animation and in measuring and monitoring techniques. This volume encourages a leap forward in the field of mixing by the current, overwhelming wealth of sophisticated measuring and computational techniques. This leap may be made possible by modern instrumentation, signal and data analysis, field reconstruction algorithms, computational modelling techniques and numerical recipes.
