Sundarbans Mangrove Systems

Sundarbans Mangrove Systems
Author: Anirban Mukhopadhyay
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 362
Release: 2021-08-15
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 1000431460
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Sundarbans, a UNESCO heritage site, is the world’s largest single chunk of mangroves distributed on the Indian and Bangladesh coasts. The mangroves and associated ecosystems are one of the most fertile ecosystems of the earth. Sundarbans Mangrove Systems: A Geo-Informatics Approach portrays different perspectives of studying Sundarbans and mangroves using geospatial analysis. This book highlights the major issues with the Sundarbans mangrove forest, its future conservation strategies and its ecological importance using geo-informatics technology. It explains the usage of remote sensing data for providing information about the present state of mangroves and their tropic status, including assessment in terms of extent, density of community, condition, diversity, identifying potential habitats and heterogeneity. Furthermore, it discusses the use of hyperspectral remote sensing data for species level classification of mangroves, community zonation for biodiversity assessment and for preparing management plans for conservation. KEY FEATURES Exclusively covers the ecological state of Sundarbans (mangrove systems) through geo-informatic studies Describes the application of a combination of geomorphological, biogeochemical and remote sensing methods to the analysis of temporal changes Includes environmental factors affecting the health and decline of mangroves Covers biodiversity and ecological controls in mangroves ecosystems Discusses a remote sensing approach for tropical forested island and mangroves mapping This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in environmental sciences, ecology, marine sciences, biology, geosciences and GIS/remote sensing areas.

Mangroves of Indian Sundarban: Ecological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects

Mangroves of Indian Sundarban: Ecological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects
Author: Dr. Surya Shekhar Das
Publisher: Lulu Publication
Total Pages: 172
Release: 2021-08-03
Genre: Art
ISBN: 1300282525
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Mangrove Ecosystem: An Overview Mangroves: Definition and Types ‘Mangrove’ has been variously defined in literature. The Oxford dictionary mentioned the words ‘mangrove’ since 1613, indicating tropical trees or shrubs found in coastal swamps with tangled roots that grow above the ground. Later, the term ‘mangrove’ was referred to the individual plant or tidal forest or both, as ‘Mangrove plants’ and ‘Mangrove ecosystem’ (MacNae 1968). Chapman (1984) used the term ‘mangrove’ for inter tidal plants, and considered plant communities of inter tidal forest as mangrove ecosystem called ‘mangal’. The term ‘mangal’ was also commonly used in French and in Portuguese to refer to both forest communities and to individual plants. Several workers have opined that plants growing in between the highest and the lowest tidal limits may be considered ‘mangrove’ (Aubreville, 1964; MacNae, 1968; Blasco, 1977; Tomlinson, 1986; Naskar & Guha Bakshi, 1987). The tidal limits of various habitats, however, can vary. Mangrove plants comprise a heterogeneous group of independently derived lineages that are defined ecologically by their occurrence in tidal zones along shorelines and in estuaries and physiologically by their ability to withstand high salt concentrations and low soil aeration. Based on their abundance, distribution, and habitat specificity, Tomlinson (1986) distinguished major and minor mangrove elements as well as mangrove associates. He recommended that mangrove species were basically of two types, viz., (1) Major element of mangals or true mangroves – with complete fidelity to the mangrove environment, and (2) Minor element of mangals – not conspicuous in mangrove habitats, rather might prefer the peripheral habitats of mangrove regions. The term ‘Mangrove associate’ was coined for the flora representing nonarborescent, herbaceous, sub-woody and climber species, found growing mostly in regions bordering the tidal periphery of mangrove habitats. Tomlinson (1986) used fairly rigid criteria to distinguish true mangroves from mangrove associates. In his criteria, true mangroves possess all or most of the following features: (i) occurring only in mangrove environment and not extending into terrestrial communities; (ii) morphological specialization (aerial roots, vivipary); (iii) physiological mechanism for salt exclusion and/or salt excretion; (iv) taxonomic isolation from terrestrial relatives.

Sensitivity of Mangrove Ecosystem to Changing Climate

Sensitivity of Mangrove Ecosystem to Changing Climate
Author: Abhijit Mitra
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 338
Release: 2013-08-13
Genre: Science
ISBN: 8132215095
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Mangroves are basically salt tolerant forest ecosystems found mainly in tropical and sub-tropical inter-tidal regions. Till about 1960s, mangroves were largely viewed as “economically unproductive areas” and were therefore destroyed for reclaiming land for various economic and commercial activities. Gradually, with the passage of time, the economic and ecological benefits of mangroves have become visible and their importance is now well appreciated. Today, mangroves are observed in about 30 countries in tropical subtropical regions covering an area of about 99,300 Sq.Km. However, during the past 50 years, over 50% of the mangrove cover has been lost, mainly because of the increased pressure of human activities like shrimp farming and agriculture, forestry, salt extraction, urban development, tourist development and infrastructure. Also, dam on rivers, contamination of sea waters caused by heavy metals, oil spills, pesticides and other products etc. have been found to be responsible for the decline of mangroves. Although the temperature effect on growth and species diversity is not known, sea-level rise may pose a serious threat to these ecosystems The present book addresses all these important issues in separate chapters with some interesting case studies whose data may serve as pathfinder for future researches in the sphere of the influence of climate change on mangrove ecosystem. The role of mangroves in the sector of bioremediation is a unique feather in the crown of this coastal and brackishwater vegetation that may be taken up by the coastal industries in order to maintain the health of ambient environment. This book seeks to discover and to assess the vulnerability of climate change on mangrove flora and fauna, their role in carbon sequestration and some interesting case studies by some groups of dedicated researchers that may serve as the basis of future climate related policies.

Manual of Indian Mangroves

Manual of Indian Mangroves
Author: Kumudranjan Naskar
Publisher: Daya Books
Total Pages: 244
Release: 2004
Genre: Mangrove conservation
ISBN: 9788170353034
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Manual of Indian Mangroves The fully illustrated colour book deals with the present status of the mangrove ecosystem of Indian territories in general and the mangrove ecosystem along with the mangroves and mangrove associated plants and mangrove inhabiting faunal assemblages of the Indian Sundarbans, in particular. Mangroves, the unique ecosystem is in very much stressed or threatened condition throughout the globe in general and in Indian territories, as well. Over all distribution of these mangrove plants in the Indian territories and abroad and their present status within India are dealt vividly by short description with key characters of these available Indian mangroves and mangrove associated plants along with its photographs, mentioning of habits and habitat condition, correct identifying key characters, nomenclature, taxonomic status, local and common names, etc. Besides these, the mention of the world distribution of mangroves and the world mangrove species along with their ideal habitat conditions are also dealt. Necessary photographs and description of their diverse aerial root system, canopy structure, flowers, fruits, viviparous germinated hypocotyles and interesting seedling developmental stages are also highlighted; as such, it is the most important handbook and as the field guide book for identifying each and every individual Indian mangrove plant species, along with their status. The overall conservation strategies of these mangroves, need for coastal zone stabilisation or protection of coastal areas by conserving these mangrove ecosystem and the need for maintaining the coastal fisheries potentialities with the mangroves are also dealt critically with the mention of sustainable utilization and relationship of these coastal and estuarine fisheries and mangrove ecosystem, as well. Contents Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: Indian Mangals, Other dominant Indian mangrove areas and mangrove species: (1) Mangrove of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands of the Bay of Bengal, (2) Mangroves of Bhitarkanika of the Mahanadi delta and other Mangals of the Orissa coast, (3) Mangroves of Coringa, Kankinada Bay, the Krishna and the Godavari estuaries of the Andhra Pradesh coast, (4) Mangroves o the Muthupet, Pichavaram and Chhatram area of the Cauveri delta in the Tamil Nadu coast, (5) Mangroves of the Cochin estuary of the Kerala coast, (6) Mangroves of Coondapur and Malpe Bay of the Karnataka coast, (7) Mangroves of the Mandovi, the Zuary and other estuaries of the Goa, (8) Mangroves of the Ratnagiri and other estuaries of the Maharashtra State, (9) Mangroves the Gulf of Cambay and Kachchha of the Gujarat State, (10) Coral reef Mangroves of Lakshdweep Atols & Minicoy Islands of the Atlantic Ocean; Chapter 3: Indian Sundarbans, Roles Played by these Mangroves in Indian Sundarbans; Chapter 4: Mangrove Zones and Succession, The terms and definitions of Mangroves and the Mangal, Uniqueness of these Sundarbans Mangals, The unique Sundarbans Mangals for its highest biodiversity; Chapter 5: Floral Succession in the Mangal; Chapter 6: Sundarbans: The Marshy Tiger-land of the World, Common and higher groups of fauna of the Sundarbans, Mangal support coastal and estuarine fisheries, Tropic level on the Sundarbans Mangrove ecosystem, Tidal amplitude/fluctuations of the Sundarbanks Mangal; chapter 7: Flora of the Indian Mangals, (1) Rhizophoraceae, (2) Avicenniaceae, (3) Sonneratiaceae, (4) Combretaceae, (5) Arecaceae, (6) Meliaceae, (7) Euphorbiaceae, (8) Myrsinaceae, (9) Aegialitidaceae, (10) Sterculiaceae, (11) Rubiaceae, (12) Acanthaceae, (13) Apocynaceae, (14) Asclepiadaceae, (15) Bignoniaceae, (16) Malvaceae, (17) Tiliaceae, (18) Rutaceae, (19) Poaceae, (20) Verbenaceae, (21) Tamaricaceae, (22) Solanaceae, (23( Sapotaceae, (24) Sapindaceae, (25) Amaryllidaceae, (26) Araceae, (27) Aizoaceae, (28) Barringtoniaceae, (29) Boraginaceae, (30) Fabaceae, (31) Caesalpiniaceae, (32) Chenopodiaceae, (33) Clusiaceae, (34) Convolvulaceae, (35) Cyperaceae, (36) Loranthaceae, (37) Opuntiaceae, (38) Pandanaceae, (39) Pteridaceae, (40) Ruppiaceae; Chapter 8: Possibilities and Conservation Needs, Sundarbanks Mangal: the largest single mangrove chunk of the globe, Sundarbanks mangals acts as the sink for metropolitan pollutants, Protection vs. loss of biodiversity, Major problem in Indian sundarbans, Large scale deforestation of forest land, Large scale nettnig out of shrimp seeds vs. damage of the other fish juveniles, Siltation on river-bed cause frequent flood, Transport facilities is not much developed, Uncontrol population growth, Agriculture not much developed, Enormous pressure on the natural forest and inevitable destruction, Effect of developmental activities without environmental impact assessment, renewal of natural wealth and prospect, Present scenario of the Sundarbans mangals and few comments; Chapter 9: Bibliography of the Mangroves and Mangrove Ecosystem of India, Chapter 10: Index to the Mangroves and Mangrove Ecosystem.

Chemistry of Mangrove Ecosystem of the Indian Sundarbans

Chemistry of Mangrove Ecosystem of the Indian Sundarbans
Author: Manjistha Chattopadhyay
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Total Pages: 200
Release: 2010
Genre: Mangrove ecology
ISBN: 9783843377164
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At the mouth of Ganga - Brahmaputra river system, Sundarbans represents one of the largest single chunk of mangrove forests. The mangrove ecosystems are the hot spots of biological diversity and very productive with its food chain and nutrient cycle. The mangrove vegetation is greatly influenced by soil properties along with salinity. The soil structure and soil salinity control the distribution of mangroves in Indian Sundarbans. This book highlights the nature and properties of mangrove soil, importance of soil properties on occurrence of different mangrove species, nature of habitats of mangroves of Sundarban Tiger Reserve, India and generates information for the development of eco-friendly conservation of mangrove species. This book will fill the gap of information on chemistry of mangrove ecosystem of 71 Compartments under 15 Blocks of Sundarban Tiger Reserve and will be helpful for those studying biology, environmental science and researchers as well as policy makers.

Mangroves and Their Ecological Impact on Sundarbans Ecosystem of India

Mangroves and Their Ecological Impact on Sundarbans Ecosystem of India
Author: Sarkar Amal Kumar
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Total Pages: 152
Release: 2015-06-22
Genre:
ISBN: 9783659719332
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This book is covering the identification, phonological observation (flowering & fruiting time), seedling growth and development of different mangrove species of Indian Sundarbans. More emphasis is given to the germination, seedling morphology, their growth & development beyond the intertidal zone. The natural colonization process of the flora according to tidal inundation & salinity regime are also assessed. Different aspects of destruction and degeneration of mangrove forest are identified, causing seedling degeneration in the natural habitats. Though this is a holistic approach towards conservation and management of this vulnerable ecosystem, hope it will be helpful for future researchers, academics, scientists and policy makers in regards to any mangrove ecosystem of the world.

Mangrove Forests in India

Mangrove Forests in India
Author: Abhijit Mitra
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 361
Release: 2019-06-27
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 3030205959
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This is the first comprehensive science-based primer to highlight the unique ecosystem services provided by mangrove forests, and discuss how these services preserve the livelihoods of coastal populations. The book presents three decades of real-time data on Sundarbans and Bhitarkanika mangroves in India measuring carbon and nitrogen sequestration, as well as case studies that demonstrate the utility provided by mangroves for reducing the impact of storms and erosion, providing nutrient retention for complex habitats, and housing a vast reservoir of plant, animal and microbial biodiversity. Also addressed is the function of mangroves as natural ecosystems of cultural convergence, offering the resources and products necessary for thriving coastal communities. The book will be of interest to students, academics and researchers in the fields of oceanography, marine biology, botany, climate science, ecology and environmental geography, as well as consultants and policy makers working in coastal zone management and coastal biodiversity conservation.