Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates

Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates
Author: Mr.David Coady
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 39
Release: 2019-05-02
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484393171

This paper updates estimates of fossil fuel subsidies, defined as fuel consumption times the gap between existing and efficient prices (i.e., prices warranted by supply costs, environmental costs, and revenue considerations), for 191 countries. Globally, subsidies remained large at $4.7 trillion (6.3 percent of global GDP) in 2015 and are projected at $5.2 trillion (6.5 percent of GDP) in 2017. The largest subsidizers in 2015 were China ($1.4 trillion), United States ($649 billion), Russia ($551 billion), European Union ($289 billion), and India ($209 billion). About three quarters of global subsidies are due to domestic factors—energy pricing reform thus remains largely in countries’ own national interest—while coal and petroleum together account for 85 percent of global subsidies. Efficient fossil fuel pricing in 2015 would have lowered global carbon emissions by 28 percent and fossil fuel air pollution deaths by 46 percent, and increased government revenue by 3.8 percent of GDP.

The Price of Oil

The Price of Oil
Author: Bronwen Manby
Publisher: Human Rights Watch
Total Pages: 230
Release: 1999
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9781564322258

Attempts to Import Weapons

India and China in Africa

India and China in Africa
Author: Raj Verma
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 266
Release: 2016-12-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1317307747

With their phenomenal growth rates, India and China are surging ahead as world economic powers. Due to increasing instability in the Middle East, they have turned to Africa to procure oil to fuel their industrialisation process. Africa’s economy stands to be impacted in various ways due to the increasing interaction with these ‘Asian Giants’. This book analyses the acquisition of oil blocks by Indian and Chinese oil corporations in eleven West African countries. It describes the differences in how India and China mobilise oil externally to meet their respective goals and objectives. The book examines the rate of return on capital, rate of interest on loans and the ease of availability of loans, the difference in the level of technology and ability to acquire technology, project management skills, risk aversion, valuation of the asset and the difference in the economic, political and diplomatic support received by the Chinese and Indian oil companies from their respective governments. It is argued that the difference in the relative economic and political power of India and China accounts for the ability of Chinese oil companies to outbid their Indian competitors and/or be preferred as partners by international oil companies. Containing interviews from Indian and Chinese oil company executives, government officials, industry officials, former diplomats and scholars and academics from India, China and the UK, this book makes a valuable contribution to existing literature on India, China and the oil industry in West Africa. It will be a valuable resource for academics in the field of International Relations, Foreign Policy Analysis, Asian Business and Economics.

Focus on South Africa

Focus on South Africa
Author: Vivian de Klerk
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Total Pages: 328
Release: 1996-02-23
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9027276048

This volume brings together a range of studies on various aspects of English and its use in Southern Africa. Experts in their field have written chapters on topics including the history and development of English in South Africa, the characteristics of particular pan-ethnic varieties of English which have evolved in South Africa (including black, Indian and colored varieties) as well as the unique features of the English of South Africa’s southern neighbours: Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi. Other contributions focus on English in relation to issues such as standardisation, lexicography, education, language planning, language attitudes and interaction patterns. The book will be of primary interest to students of linguistics and language, but should also be relevant to educationists, sociologists and historians.

Sudan

Sudan
Author: International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 40
Release: 2013-11-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484305434

This Selected Issues paper examines the monetary policy framework in Sudan, and assesses the effectiveness of monetary transmission mechanism since the secession of South Sudan. The econometric analysis concludes that reserve money, the exchange rate, and private sector credit are the main determinants of inflation after the secession of South Sudan and that the transmission lags have been shortened significantly compared with previous studies. These findings reinforce the need for a comprehensive package of fiscal and monetary measures that strengthens the monetary policy framework and improves its effectiveness.

African Economic Outlook 2005

African Economic Outlook 2005
Author: African Development Bank
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 510
Release: 2005-05-18
Genre:
ISBN: 9264010009

The African Economic Outlook, a joint project of the African Development Bank and the OECD Development Centre, is an annual review of the recent economic situation and the likely short-term evolution of selected African countries. The analysis is ...

Oil to Cash

Oil to Cash
Author: Todd Moss
Publisher: CGD Books
Total Pages: 190
Release: 2015-06-10
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1933286695

Oil to Cash explores one option to help countries with new oil revenue avoid the so-called resource curse: just give the money directly to citizens. A universal, transparent, and regular cash transfer would not only provide a concrete benefit to regular people, but would also create powerful incentives for citizens to hold their government accountable. Oil to Cash details how and where this idea could work and how policymakers can learn from the experiences with cash transfers in places like Mexico, Mongolia, and Alaska.

How Sanctions Work

How Sanctions Work
Author: N. Crawford
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 302
Release: 1999-01-28
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1403915911

How Sanctions Work surveys theories of international sanctions and offers detailed analyses of the effect of sanctions on apartheid South Africa. Chapters by respected international experts cover cultural isolation, oil and military embargoes, trade boycotts, financial sanctions and divestment, consequences for black South Africans, and regional effects. The book shows how sanctions both directly and indirectly hurt the apartheid regime while in some cases offering succour to the anti-apartheid movement.

The New Kings of Crude

The New Kings of Crude
Author: Luke Patey
Publisher: Hurst
Total Pages: 374
Release: 2014-10-15
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1849045380

In the past decade, the need for oil in Asia's new industrial powers, China and India, has grown dramatically. The New Kings of Crude takes the reader from the dusty streets of an African capital to Asia's glistening corporate towers to provide a first look at how the world's rising economies established new international oil empires in Sudan, amid one of Africa's longest-running and deadliest civil wars. For over a decade, Sudan fuelled the international rise of Chinese and Indian national oil companies. But the political turmoil surrounding the historic division of Africa's largest country, with the birth of South Sudan, challenged Asia's oil giants to chart a new course. Luke Patey weaves together the stories of hardened oilmen, powerful politicians, rebel fighters, and human rights activists to show how the lure of oil brought China and India into Sudan--only later to ensnare both in the messy politics of a divided country. His book also introduces the reader to the Chinese and Indian oilmen and politicians who were willing to become entangled in an African civil war in the pursuit of the world's most coveted resource. It offers a portrait of the challenges China and India are increasingly facing as emerging powers in the world.

Oil, Democracy, and Development in Africa

Oil, Democracy, and Development in Africa
Author: John R. Heilbrunn
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 281
Release: 2014-04-21
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1107049814

This book focuses on the history, key industry and policy actors, and political economic outcomes in oil-producing African states, filling a gap in the literature on resource-abundant countries by providing an optimistic assessment of circumstances in contemporary Africa.