Published in 2010, this work provides an historic context for military training lands, written to satisfy a part of Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 as amended. Cultural resources personnel at the installation level and their contractors will use this historic context to determine whether military training resources are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), and whether an adverse effect will take place. This overall project covered five types of military training: small arms ranges, large arms ranges, training villages and sites, bivouac areas, and large-scale operation areas. This document provides an historic context of small arms ranges on military training lands for the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Army Air Corps/U.S. Air Force, and the U.S. Marines, with a focus on the landscape outside the developed core of military installations. This work determined that that military training lands are significant enough in our nation's history to be surveyed for eligibility to the NRHP. However, training lands must be viewed as a whole; individual buildings on a training range are rarely eligible for the NRHP; buildings in their larger context (and the integrity of that larger context) are important. Includes black and white and full color photographs, maps and drawings.