The Monetary Transmission Mechanism In The Tropics
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| Author | : Mr.Andrew Berg |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 54 |
| Release | : 2013-09-20 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484351126 |
Many central banks in low-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are modernising their monetary policy frameworks. Standard statistical procedures have had limited success in identifying the channels of monetary transmission in such countries. Here we take a narrative approach, following Romer and Romer (1989), and center on a significant tightening of monetary policy that took place in 2011 in four members of the East African Community: Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda. We find clear evidence of the transmission mechanism in most of the countries, and argue that deviations can be explained by differences in the policy regime in place.
| Author | : Mr.Luis Brandao-Marques |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 54 |
| Release | : 2020-02-21 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513529730 |
Central banks in emerging and developing economies (EMDEs) have been modernizing their monetary policy frameworks, often moving toward inflation targeting (IT). However, questions regarding the strength of monetary policy transmission from interest rates to inflation and output have often stalled progress. We conduct a novel empirical analysis using Jordà’s (2005) approach for 40 EMDEs to shed a light on monetary transmission in these countries. We find that interest rate hikes reduce output growth and inflation, once we explicitly account for the behavior of the exchange rate. Having a modern monetary policy framework—adopting IT and independent and transparent central banks—matters more for monetary transmission than financial development.
| Author | : Kodjovi M. Eklou |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 29 |
| Release | : 2023-07-07 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Monetary policy transmission in EMs has been found to be weak historically due to under-developed financial markets and heavy central bank intervention in FX markets that undermine the exchange rate channel. Against this background, this paper investigates the transmission of monetary policy, including the role of external factors, in Malaysia and highlight findings that could be relevant for other EMs. We find an important role for the credit and the exchange rate channels. Further, we also find a complementary role for policy tools including Foreign Exchange Intervention (FXI) and liquidity tools such as Statutory Reserve Requirement in shaping the transmission of monetary policy. We then explore the spillover effects of external global factors including global monetary policy and global commodity prices on monetary policy transmission in a small open economy such as Malaysia. The results show that while global commodity prices do not impair monetary policy transmission, global monetary policy tightening could complement domestic efforts to achieve price stability by inducing a global disinflation. Finally, monetary policy transmission is delayed and weakened in high inflationary environment, with the implication that more aggressive and preemptive policy actions may be needed in such cases.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 74 |
| Release | : 2015-10-23 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498344062 |
Over the past two decades, many low- and lower-middle income countries (LLMICs) have improved control over fiscal policy, liberalized and deepened financial markets, and stabilized inflation at moderate levels. Monetary policy frameworks that have helped achieve these ends are being challenged by continued financial development and increased exposure to global capital markets. Many policymakers aspire to move beyond the basics of stability to implement monetary policy frameworks that better anchor inflation and promote macroeconomic stability and growth. Many of these LLMICs are thus considering and implementing improvements to their monetary policy frameworks. The recent successes of some LLMICs and the experiences of emerging and advanced economies, both early in their policy modernization process and following the global financial crisis, are valuable in identifying desirable features of such frameworks. This paper draws on those lessons to provide guidance on key elements of effective monetary policy frameworks for LLMICs.
| Author | : Mr.Hamid Reza Davoodi |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 59 |
| Release | : 2013-02-06 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1475553498 |
Do changes in monetary policy affect inflation and output in the East African Community (EAC)? We find that (i) Monetary Transmission Mechanism (MTM) tends to be generally weak when using standard statistical inferences, but somewhat strong when using non-standard inference methods; (ii) when MTM is present, the precise transmission channels and their importance differ across countries; and (iii) reserve money and the policy rate, two frequently used instruments of monetary policy, sometimes move in directions that exert offsetting expansionary and contractionary effects on inflation—posing challenges to harmonization of monetary policies across the EAC and transition to a future East African Monetary Union. The paper offers some suggestions for strengthening the MTM in the EAC.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 61 |
| Release | : 2014-05-03 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498343694 |
With single-digit inflation and substantial financial deepening, developing countries are adopting more flexible and forward-looking monetary policy frameworks and ascribing a greater role to policy interest rates and inflation objectives. While some countries have adopted formal inflation targeting regimes, others have developed frameworks with greater target flexibility to accommodate changing money demand, use of policy rates to signal the monetary policy stance, and implicit inflation targets.
| Author | : William Stanley Jevons |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 380 |
| Release | : 1877 |
| Genre | : Exchange |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : David Kaimowitz |
| Publisher | : CIFOR |
| Total Pages | : 153 |
| Release | : 1998-01-01 |
| Genre | : Deforestation |
| ISBN | : 979876417X |
Types of economic deforestation models. Household and firm-level models. Regional-level models. National and macro-level models. Priority areas for future research.
| Author | : Arild Angelsen |
| Publisher | : CIFOR |
| Total Pages | : 172 |
| Release | : 2008-01-01 |
| Genre | : Climatic changes |
| ISBN | : 9791412766 |
| Author | : Mr.Ales Bulir |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 37 |
| Release | : 2015-11-20 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513554239 |
We use two alternative representations of the yield curve to test the functioning of the interest rate transmission mechanism along the yield curve based on government paper in a sample of emerging market and low-income countries. We find a robust link from shortterm policy and interbank rates to longer-term bond yields. Two policy implications emerge. First, the presence of well-developed secondary financial markets does not seem to affect transmission of short term rates along the yield curve. Second, the strength of the transmission mechanism seems to be affected by the choice of the monetary regime: countries with a credible inflation targeting regime seem to have “better behaved” yield curves than those with other monetary regimes.
