The Measurement of Noise Performance Factors

The Measurement of Noise Performance Factors
Author: M. G. Arthur
Publisher:
Total Pages: 214
Release: 1974
Genre: Noise
ISBN:

The metrology guide provides the basis for critical comparisons among seven measurement techniques for average noise factor and effective input noise temperature. The techniques that are described, discussed, and analyzed include the (1) Y-Factor, (2) 3-dB, (3) Automatic, (4) Gain Control, (5) CW, (6) Tangential, and (7) Cmparison Techniques. The analyses yield working equations and error equations by which accuracy capabilities are compared. Each technique is also analyzed for (a) frequency range for best measurement results, (b) special instrumentation requirements, (c) speed and convenience, (d) operator skill required, and (e) special measurement problems. General instrumentation requirements and practical measurement problems are discussed for the benefit of the non-expert metrologist. (Modified author abstract).

Dimensions

Dimensions
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 598
Release: 1974
Genre: Technology
ISBN:

A Note on Noise Factor Measurement

A Note on Noise Factor Measurement
Author: Wave Propagation Laboratory
Publisher:
Total Pages: 104
Release: 1969
Genre: Atmospheric radio refractivity
ISBN:

The definition of noise factor, F, is reviewed and the mathematical bases for several methods of measuring noise factor are presented. Error analyses are given to determine: (1) the noise source temperatures, which minimize the noise factor measurement error, (2) an analytic expression for the expected error in F as measured by the CW methods, and (3) an analytic expression for the expected error in F as measured by the Y-Factor Method. A hypothetical receiver (of assumed characteristics) is used as a comparative example to elevate the errors to be expected in F as measured by the CW Method and by the Y-Factor Method. The importance of bandwidth as a criterion of receiver performance is stressed. The effect on the measured F produced by a change in receiver gain-bandwidth produced by a change in received gain-bandwidth produced by a change is receiver gain-bandwidth produce is considered briefly. A preliminary calculation of the source temperatures actually seen by the receiver input completes the report. The appendix is a procedural outline for measuring a receiver's noise factor by: (1) automatic noise factor meter (ANFM), (2) CW Method, and (3) Y-Factor Methods. This outline indicates the characteristics required of the test equipment and tells how to obtain the necessary data.

Publications

Publications
Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards
Publisher:
Total Pages: 548
Release: 1975
Genre: Government publications
ISBN:

Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers

Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers
Author: Ulrich L. Rohde
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 816
Release: 2021-03-29
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1119666090

The new edition of the leading resource on designing digital frequency synthesizers from microwave and wireless applications, fully updated to reflect the most modern integrated circuits and semiconductors Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers: Theory and Design, Second Edition, remains the standard text on the subject by providing complete and up-to-date coverage of both practical and theoretical aspects of modern frequency synthesizers and their components. Featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, this classic volume describes loop fundamentals, noise and spurious responses, special loops, loop components, multiloop synthesizers, and more. Practical synthesizer examples illustrate the design of a high-performance hybrid synthesizer and performance measurement techniques—offering readers clear instruction on the various design steps and design rules. The second edition includes extensively revised content throughout, including a modern approach to dealing with the noise and spurious response of loops and updated material on digital signal processing and architectures. Reflecting today’s technology, new practical and validated examples cover a combination of analog and digital synthesizers and hybrid systems. Enhanced and expanded chapters discuss implementations of direct digital synthesis (DDS) architectures, the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), crystal and other high-Q based oscillators, arbitrary waveform generation, vector signal generation, and other current tools and techniques. Now requiring no additional literature to be useful, this comprehensive, one-stop resource: Provides a fully reviewed, updated, and enhanced presentation of microwave and wireless synthesizers Presents a clear mathematical method for designing oscillators for best noise performance at both RF and microwave frequencies Contains new illustrations, figures, diagrams, and examples Includes extensive appendices to aid in calculating phase noise in free-running oscillators, designing VHF and UHF oscillators with CAD software, using state-of-the-art synthesizer chips, and generating millimeter wave frequencies using the delay line principle Containing numerous designs of proven circuits and more than 500 relevant citations from scientific journal and papers, Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers: Theory and Design, Second Edition, is a must-have reference for engineers working in the field of radio communication, and the perfect textbook for advanced electri