Martial Races

Martial Races
Author: Heather Streets
Publisher: Manchester University Press
Total Pages: 258
Release: 2004
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780719069628

This book explores how and why Scottish Highlanders, Punjabi Sikhs, and Nepalese Gurkhas became identified as the British Empire's fiercest soldiers in nineteenth century discourse. As "martial races" these men were believed to possess a biological or cultural disposition to the racial and masculine qualities necessary for the arts of war. Because of this, they were used as icons to promote recruitment in British and Indian armies--a phenomenon with important social and political effects in India, in Britain, and in the armies of the Empire.

Faithful Fighters

Faithful Fighters
Author: Kate Imy
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Total Pages: 361
Release: 2019-12-10
Genre: History
ISBN: 1503610756

During the first four decades of the twentieth century, the British Indian Army possessed an illusion of racial and religious inclusivity. The army recruited diverse soldiers, known as the "Martial Races," including British Christians, Hindustani Muslims, Punjabi Sikhs, Hindu Rajputs, Pathans from northwestern India, and "Gurkhas" from Nepal. As anti-colonial activism intensified, military officials incorporated some soldiers' religious traditions into the army to keep them disciplined and loyal. They facilitated acts such as the fast of Ramadan for Muslim soldiers and allowed religious swords among Sikhs to recruit men from communities where anti-colonial sentiment grew stronger. Consequently, Indian nationalists and anti-colonial activists charged the army with fomenting racial and religious divisions. In Faithful Fighters, Kate Imy explores how military culture created unintended dialogues between soldiers and civilians, including Hindu nationalists, Sikh revivalists, and pan-Islamic activists. By the 1920s and '30s, the army constructed military schools and academies to isolate soldiers from anti-colonial activism. While this carefully managed military segregation crumbled under the pressure of the Second World War, Imy argues that the army militarized racial and religious difference, creating lasting legacies for the violent partition and independence of India, and the endemic warfare and violence of the post-colonial world.

Soldiers of Empire

Soldiers of Empire
Author: Tarak Barkawi
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 341
Release: 2017-06-08
Genre: History
ISBN: 1107169585

Barkawi re-imagines the study of war with imperial and multinational armies that fought in Asia in the Second World War.

The Indian Army and the End of the Raj

The Indian Army and the End of the Raj
Author: Daniel Marston
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 401
Release: 2014-04-24
Genre: History
ISBN: 0521899753

A unique examination of the role of the Indian army in post-World War II India in the run-up to Partition. Daniel Marston draws upon extensive archival research and interviews with veterans of the events of 1947 to provide fresh insight into the final days of the British Raj.

The Indian Army

The Indian Army
Author: Stephen P. Cohen
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2001
Genre: History
ISBN:

This book explores the origins of the Indian army from its early exploitative role, to its performance in World War II when it confronted extreme political and military challenges. Cohen examines the doctrine of civilian control in India and the evolution of the theory of so-called martial races. The book serves as an interpretation of the history of the Indian Army in the light of contemporary approaches to nation-building and development theory.

Indianization, the Officer Corps, and the Indian Army

Indianization, the Officer Corps, and the Indian Army
Author: Chandar S. Sundaram
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 283
Release: 2019-04-25
Genre: History
ISBN: 1498579523

**Short-listed for the Society for Army Historical Research UK's Templer Medal Best First Book Prize, 2020** In the Indian Army of the British Raj, the officer corps was “reserved for the governing race”— in other words, the British. Only in 1917, a mere thirty years before India won its freedom, did the Raj permit Indians into the Army’s officer corps, thus slowly beginning its Indianization. Yet it is often forgotten that this decision was the culmination of a hundred-year-long debate. Based on meticulous archival research in Britain and India, Indianization, the Officer Corps, and the Indian Army breaks new ground by offering readers the first detailed account of this generally forgotten debate. It traces the myriad schemes and counter-schemes the debate generated, the complex twists and turns it took, and how it engaged both British policymakers anxious to maintain control as well as nationalist Indian leaders agitating for greater self-government. This work also offers insights into the martial races concept, the 1857 uprising, and the impact of Anglo-Indian ideology upon the Indian Army. Clearly written and carefully argued, it is an original and defining contribution to military/war and society history, the history of colonial India and its army, the history of British empire, the history of racism, and civil-military relations.

Army and Nation

Army and Nation
Author: Steven Wilkinson
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2015-02-12
Genre: History
ISBN: 0674728807

Steven I. Wilkinson explores how India has succeeded in keeping the military out of politics, when so many other countries have failed. He uncovers the command and control strategies, the careful ethnic balancing, and the political, foreign policy, and strategic decisions that have made the army safe for Indian democracy.