The Manufacturing of Job Displacement

The Manufacturing of Job Displacement
Author: Laura López-Sanders
Publisher: NYU Press
Total Pages: 309
Release: 2024-01-05
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1479822973

"Using rich ethnographic detail, the book illustrates how employers manipulate the labor market using race, gender, class, and legal status, to make labor conditions precarious. The book urges a thorough analysis of the historically prevailing intersecting categories of difference and vulnerability to understand labor market inequality in the 21st century"--

The Manufacturing of Job Displacement

The Manufacturing of Job Displacement
Author: Laura López-Sanders
Publisher: NYU Press
Total Pages: 257
Release: 2024-01-05
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1479823007

The employer-driven push to systematically replace Black workers with unauthorized immigrants In The Manufacturing of Job Displacement, Laura López-Sanders argues that the walls of American businesses hide a system of illegal practices and behaviors that lead to racial inequality in the labor market. Drawing on extensive research in South Carolina manufacturing facilities, nearly 300 interviews, and her own experience working at both the “bottom” of the labor market (e.g., cleaning toilets and on assembly-line jobs) and in mid-level supervisory positions, López-Sanders provides a behind-the-scenes accounting of daily factory life. She uncovers preferential hiring practices that fly in the face of civil rights legislation barring employment discrimination, including orchestrated actions of employers to systematically replace Black workers with Hispanic unauthorized immigrants. López-Sanders argues against the predominant view that worker displacement occurs primarily because of hiring biases or social networks. Instead, she shows that employers intervene strategically, relying on subcontractors, agencies, use and intermediaries to shift the race and gender in an organization. They also vulnerable and tractable immigrant labor to impose and justify untenable standards that drive native-born workers out of their jobs and create vacancies to be filled by additional immigrant workers. The Manufacturing of Job Displacement sheds new light on a classic question about ethnic succession and segmentation in the labor market and reorients the ongoing debates about the economic impact of immigration.

Imports, Exports, and Jobs

Imports, Exports, and Jobs
Author: Lori G. Kletzer
Publisher: W. E. Upjohn Institute
Total Pages: 242
Release: 2002
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

Annotation Kletzer attempts to heighten our understanding of the labor market costs of freer trade. While economy-wide net benefits may ensue from lossening trade policies, such policies do not proclude localized net losses. This book aims to measure some of these losses in the hope that future policy making will address them and the people who bear the burdon.

Job Loss from Imports

Job Loss from Imports
Author: Lori G. Kletzer
Publisher: Peterson Institute
Total Pages: 148
Release: 2001
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780881322965

In this study of the medium-term effects of trade displacement on American workers, Kletzer uses worker-level data from the US Displaced Worker Surveys to examine the pattern of reemployment following trade-related job loss. She also analyzes regional and local labor market variations, and concludes by exploring the implications of her findings for US policy on linking the labor market and international trade.

A Guide to Worker Displacement

A Guide to Worker Displacement
Author: Gary B. Hansen
Publisher: International Labour Organisation
Total Pages: 77
Release: 2009
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9789221221036

This guide is an update To The 2001 Guide to worker displacement that was published as a response To The Asian financial crisis. The Guide, drawing on experience primarily in North America and during the transition process in Central and Eastern Europe, explores how enterprises, communities and workers can respond To The financial crisis and how to reduce potential job losses. This includes possible strategies for averting layoffs and promoting business retention by communities, enterprise managements and workers' association. The guide is primarily for use in industrialized and transition countries, and is aimed at policy makers, employers and workers in developing appropriate responses that promote worker retention and employment during the recession.

The Impact of International Trade on Wages

The Impact of International Trade on Wages
Author: Robert C. Feenstra
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 420
Release: 2008-04-15
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0226239640

Since the early 1980s, the U.S. economy has experienced a growing wage differential: high-skilled workers have claimed an increasing share of available income, while low-skilled workers have seen an absolute decline in real wages. How and why this disparity has arisen is a matter of ongoing debate among policymakers and economists. Two competing theories have emerged to explain this phenomenon, one focusing on international trade and labor market globalization as the driving force behind the devaluation of low-skill jobs, and the other focusing on the role of technological change as a catalyst for the escalation of high-skill wages. This collection brings together innovative new ideas and data sources in order to provide more satisfying alternatives to the trade versus technology debate and to assess directly the specific impact of international trade on U.S. wages. This timely volume offers a thorough appraisal of the wage distribution predicament, examining the continued effects of technology and globalization on the labor market.

The Globotics Upheaval

The Globotics Upheaval
Author: Richard Baldwin
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 305
Release: 2019-01-09
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0190901780

At the root of inequality, unemployment, and populism are radical changes in the world economy. Digital technology is allowing talented foreigners to telecommute into our workplaces and compete for service and professional jobs. Instant machine translation is melting language barriers, so the ranks of these "tele-migrants" will soon include almost every educated person in the world. Computing power is dissolving humans' monopoly on thinking, enabling AI-trained computers to compete for many of the same white-collar jobs. The combination of globalization and robotics is creating the globotics upheaval, and it threatens the very foundations of the liberal welfare-state. Richard Baldwin, one of the world's leading globalization experts, argues that the inhuman speed of this transformation threatens to overwhelm our capacity to adapt. From computers in the office to automatic ordering systems in restaurants, we are familiar with the how digital technologies offer convenience while also eliminating jobs. Globotics will disrupt the lives of millions of white-collar workers much faster than automation, industrialization, and globalization disrupted the lives of factory workers in previous centuries. The result will be a backlash. Professional, white-collar, and service workers will agitate for a slowing of the unprecedented pace of disruption, as factory workers have done in years past. Baldwin argues that the globotics upheaval will be countered in the short run by "shelter-ism" - government policies that shelter some service jobs from tele-migrants and thinking computers. In the long run, people will work in more human jobs-activities that require real people to use the uniquely human ability of independent thought-and this will strengthen bonds in local communities. Offering effective strategies such as focusing on the social value of work, The Globotics Upheaval will help people prepare for the oncoming wave of an advanced robotic workforce.

The Oxford Handbook of Job Loss and Job Search

The Oxford Handbook of Job Loss and Job Search
Author: Ute-Christine Klehe PhD
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 633
Release: 2018-05-08
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0190903503

Job search is and always has been an integral part of people's working lives. Whether one is brand new to the labor market or considered a mature, experienced worker, job seekers are regularly met with new challenges in a variety of organizational settings. Edited by Ute-Christine Klehe and Edwin A.J. van Hooft, The Oxford Handbook of Job Loss and Job Search provides readers with one of the first comprehensive overviews of the latest research and empirical knowledge in the areas of job loss and job search. Multidisciplinary in nature, Klehe, van Hooft, and their contributing authors offer fascinating insight into the diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives from which job loss and job search have been studied, such as psychology, sociology, labor studies, and economics. Discussing the antecedents and consequences of job loss, as well as outside circumstances that may necessitate a more rigorous job hunt, this Handbook presents in-depth and up-to-date knowledge on the methods and processes of this important time in one's life. Further, it examines the unique circumstances faced by different populations during their job search, such as those working job-to-job, the unemployed, mature job seekers, international job seekers, and temporary employed workers. Job loss and unemployment are among the worst stressors individuals can encounter during their lifetimes. As a result, this Handbook concludes with a discussion of the various types of interventions developed to aid the unemployed. Further, it offers readers important insights and identifies best practices for both scholars and practitioners working in the areas of job loss, unemployment, career transitions, outplacement, and job search.

Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI

Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI
Author: Markus D. Dubber
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 1000
Release: 2020-06-30
Genre: Law
ISBN: 0190067411

This volume tackles a quickly-evolving field of inquiry, mapping the existing discourse as part of a general attempt to place current developments in historical context; at the same time, breaking new ground in taking on novel subjects and pursuing fresh approaches. The term "A.I." is used to refer to a broad range of phenomena, from machine learning and data mining to artificial general intelligence. The recent advent of more sophisticated AI systems, which function with partial or full autonomy and are capable of tasks which require learning and 'intelligence', presents difficult ethical questions, and has drawn concerns from many quarters about individual and societal welfare, democratic decision-making, moral agency, and the prevention of harm. This work ranges from explorations of normative constraints on specific applications of machine learning algorithms today-in everyday medical practice, for instance-to reflections on the (potential) status of AI as a form of consciousness with attendant rights and duties and, more generally still, on the conceptual terms and frameworks necessarily to understand tasks requiring intelligence, whether "human" or "A.I."