The Law of Letters of Credit

The Law of Letters of Credit
Author: John F. Dolan
Publisher: Warren Gorham & Lamont
Total Pages: 1048
Release: 1991
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

This treatise addresses all standby and commercial letter of credit problems and provides guidance through the case law under UCC Article 5. Establishing, amending, and terminating the letter of credit is discussed in detail.

Letters of Credit

Letters of Credit
Author: Walter Tracy
Publisher: David R. Godine Publisher
Total Pages: 230
Release: 2003
Genre: Architecture
ISBN: 9781567922400

The revolution in typesetting - a revolution that over the past two decades has eliminated a five-hundred-year-old system of hot metal production and replaced it with one of photo-generated and computer-driven composition - shows no sign of winding down. This book, more than any other we know, traces the steps that went into that revolution and simultaneously makes the argument that the letter forms themselves are in process of evolution. Tracy argues that, whether they are of the sixteenth or the twentieth century, the forms that comprise our alphabet are subject to the same rules of good taste, proportion, and clarity that have always obtained. But what we face today is vastly different from fifty years ago. For the first time, new technology has made the proliferation (and, as some would maintain, debasement) of letter forms fast and easy (or quick and dirty.) With fifty years of professional experience on both sides of the Atlantic (including thirty years as head of type design for the British Linotype Company), Tracy is in a unique position to make this argument and arrive at his sad conclusion: the design of distinguished, contemporary typefaces is far outnumbered by the mediocre and downright bad. Part of the reason for this deplorable deterioration is a lack of critical analysis of the particular esthetics involved. This step-by-step examination of type-design esthetics is precisely what Tracy provides here, while avoiding both the promoter's hype and the manufacturer's claims. Here are the gut issues of what makes type good or bad, legible or unreadable. Extensively illustrated with both typefaces and line drawings, this book belongs on the shelf of anyone interested in thehistory of letters or in the artistry and peculiar problems that lie behind their production.

Letters of Credit and Demand Guarantees: Defences to Payment

Letters of Credit and Demand Guarantees: Defences to Payment
Author: Deborah Horowitz
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 273
Release: 2010-06-10
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0199588538

This book is the first to provide an extensive analysis of the range of defences to payment under letters of credit and demand guarantees. It considers the extent to which different defences undermine the abstraction of these instruments. This is a fundamental issue, since letters of credit and demand guarantees are designed to be abstract, or autonomous, from the underlying contract that called for their use. The purpose of that abstraction is to provide certainty of payment, but the various defences diminish that certainty. The book examines the spectrum of defences that are frequently litigated and debated in international practice: fraud in the documents, nullity, fraud affecting deferred payment letters of credit, fraud as no honest belief, unconscionable conduct and illegality. Vitally, the book provides analysis of the relevant judicial decisions and offers clear practical guidance on which defences are most suitable for each instrument. As the instruments are heavily used in international trade, this work is particularly suited to financial and commercial law practitioners who draft agreements, as well as those who advise on disputes concerning these instruments. Accessible and engaging, the book is also relevant for academics and students.

The Law and Practice of Documentary Letters of Credit

The Law and Practice of Documentary Letters of Credit
Author: Peter Ellinger
Publisher: Hart Publishing
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2010-01-01
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9781841136738

Letters of credit have retained their role as an instrumentality for the financing of foreign trade. An understanding of the law and practice in point is imperative for lawyers advising business people and bank clients, as well as for the banking and trading communities. The book examines the topic on the basis of the common law system, primarily UK law, and adopts an approach that is analytical and not merely descriptive. Letter of credit transactions are, by their nature, international and most nations have adopted the Uniform Customs and Practices ("UCP") originally promulgated by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in 1933 and updated from time to time. Today, the UCP constitutes a code of internationally accepted rules governing letter of credit transactions. The authors have therefore selectively incorporated some comparative discussion, for instance, of the position in the USA and Europe. The book will be an essential work of reference for commercial lawyers in all the major financial centres of Europe, America and Asia.

The Law of Letters of Credit

The Law of Letters of Credit
Author: John F. Dolan
Publisher:
Total Pages: 616
Release: 1992-01-01
Genre: Letters of credit
ISBN:

This treatise addresses all standby and commercial letter of credit problems and provides guidance through the case law under UCC Article 5. Establishing, amending, and terminating the letter of credit is discussed in detail.

The Law of Letters of Credit

The Law of Letters of Credit
Author: John Dolan
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2007
Genre:
ISBN:

The Law of Letters of Credit - Commercial and Standby Credits is the fourth edition of a traditional treatise on a rather narrow legal subject. Letters of credit fall into two categories: (1) commercials, which find use in international sales; and (2) standbys that are a common device in many domestic transactions. As international trade becomes more and more rationalized, the use of commercials has diminished; but the use of the standby has enjoyed something of a boom, for it accomplishes much that security interests, suretyship arrangements, and other credit enhancing devices accomplish and does it with significantly lower transaction costs. Regrettably, the parties using letters of credit often are unaware of the credit's legal significance. This treatise covers the legal features of the commercial and the standby, all in a global context. While it is codified to some extent in the Uniform Commercial Code, the law of letters of credit is largely the law merchant, the ius gentium; and the UCC defers in many respects to international rules. Thus, the treatise deals with those international rules and cites cases from virtually all of the common-law jurisdictions in an effort to provide complete coverage of the field.

The Independence Principle of Letters of Credit and Demand Guarantees

The Independence Principle of Letters of Credit and Demand Guarantees
Author: Nelson Enonchong
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2011-04-07
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9780199239719

The Independence Principle of Letters of Credit and Demand Guarantees offers a comprehensive and authoritative analysis of the principle of independence, a fundamental element of Letters of Credit and Demand Guarantees. It explores the parameters of this principle and the increasing exceptions to it.

The Fraud Rule in the Law of Letters of Credit:A Comparative Study

The Fraud Rule in the Law of Letters of Credit:A Comparative Study
Author: Xiang Gao
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 222
Release: 2002-01-01
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9041198989

"Dr. Gao finds the best provisions and practices in respect of the fraud rule in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, and applies these standards to the reformulation of the fraud rule in the PRC. In the process be surveys the entire field of the fraud rule in the law of letters of credit in its substantive aspects, thus going deeper than mere banking law analyses and revealing, for the benefit of jurists everywhere, the fundamental legal issues that must underlie all sound judicial reasoning in the area. In more practical terms, this approach also allows judges to meet their essential responsibility - that of giving an answer when a case is put before them - with the widest and best possible degree of discernment."--BOOK JACKET.