The Kaiser Wilhelm Society Under National Socialism

The Kaiser Wilhelm Society Under National Socialism
Author: Susanne Heim
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 503
Release: 2009-04-27
Genre: History
ISBN: 052187906X

This book examines the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes under Hitler, illustrating the cooperation between scientists and National Socialists in service of autarky, racial hygiene, war, and genocide.

Surviving the Swastika

Surviving the Swastika
Author: Kristie Macrakis
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 311
Release: 1993
Genre: Germany
ISBN: 0195070100

A study of the Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft in the Nazi period. Ch. 3 (p. 51-72), "From Accommodation to Passive Opposition, 1933-35," discusses the dismissal of Jews from the various institutes. Max Planck tried to protect his Jewish colleagues from the Nazi authorities, but in vain. The only act of resistance undertaken by the scientists was the Fritz Haber Memorial Ceremony in 1935 (Haber, a Jewish scientist, died in Switzerland in 1934); the Nazis reluctantly allowed it to be held.

Science, Technology, and National Socialism

Science, Technology, and National Socialism
Author: Monika Renneberg
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 448
Release: 2003-09-25
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780521528603

This 1993 book provides a survey of the development of scientific disciplines and technical projects under National Socialism in Germany. Each contribution addresses a different aspect which is important for judging the interaction between science, technology and National Socialism. In particular, the personal conduct of individual scientists and engineers as well as the functionality of certain theories and projects are examined. All essays share a common theme: continuity and discontinuity. All authors cover a period from the Weimar Republic to the post-war period. This unanimity of approach provides answers to major questions about the nature of Hitler's regime and about possible lines of continuity in science and technology which may transcend political upheaval. The book is also the most comprehensive to date on this subject, and includes essays on engineering, geography, biology, psychology, physics, mathematics, and science policy.

A Companion to Nazi Germany

A Companion to Nazi Germany
Author: Shelley Baranowski
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 680
Release: 2018-06-18
Genre: History
ISBN: 1118936884

A Deep Exploration of the Rise, Reign, and Legacy of the Third Reich For its brief existence, National Socialist Germany was one of the most destructive regimes in the history of humankind. Since that time, scholarly debate about its causes has volleyed continuously between the effects of political and military decisions, pathological development, or modernity gone awry. Was terror the defining force of rule, or was popular consent critical to sustaining the movement? Were the German people sympathetic to Nazi ideology, or were they radicalized by social manipulation and powerful propaganda? Was the “Final Solution” the motivation for the Third Reich’s rise to power, or simply the outcome? A Companion to Nazi Germany addresses these crucial questions with historical insight from the Nazi Party’s emergence in the 1920s through its postwar repercussions. From the theory and context that gave rise to the movement, through its structural, cultural, economic, and social impacts, to the era’s lasting legacy, this book offers an in-depth examination of modern history’s most infamous reign. Assesses the historiography of Nazism and the prehistory of the regime Provides deep insight into labor, education, research, and home life amidst the Third Reich’s ideological imperatives Describes how the Third Reich affected business, the economy, and the culture, including sports, entertainment, and religion Delves into the social militarization in the lead-up to war, and examines the social and historical complexities that allowed genocide to take place Shows how modern-day Germany confronts and deals with its recent history Today’s political climate highlights the critical need to understand how radical nationalist movements gain an audience, then followers, then power. While historical analogy can be a faulty basis for analyzing current events, there is no doubt that examining the parallels can lead to some important questions about the present. Exploring key motivations, environments, and cause and effect, this book provides essential perspective as radical nationalist movements have once again reemerged in many parts of the world.

Physics and National Socialism

Physics and National Socialism
Author: Klaus Hentschel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 615
Release: 2011-10-02
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 303480203X

1 Aim and General Description of the Anthology The purpose of this anthology is to introduce the English speaking public to the wide spectrum of texts authored predominently by physicists portraying the ac tual and perceived role of physics in the Nazi state. Up to now no broad and well balanced documentation of German physics during this time has been available in English, despite the significant role physics has played both politically (e. g. , in weaponry planning) and ideologically (e. g. , in the controversy over the value of theoretical ('Jewish') vs. experimental ('Aryan') physics), and even though prominent figures like the scientist-philosopher and emigre Albert Einstein and the controversial nuclear physicist Werner Heisenberg have become household names. This anthology will attempt to bridge this gap by presenting contempo rary documents and eye-witness accounts by the physicists themselves. Authors were chosen to represent the various political opinions and specialties within the physics community, omitting some of the more readily accessible texts by leading physicists (e. g. , Einstein, Heisenberg, Lenard) in favor of those by less well-known but nonetheless important figures (e. g. , Finkelnburg, Max Wien, Ramsauer). In this way we hope not only to circumvent the constricted 'Great Men' approach to history but also to offer a broader picture of the activities and conflicts within the field and the effects of the political forces exerted upon them.

The Kaiser and His Court

The Kaiser and His Court
Author: John C. G. Röhl
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 292
Release: 1996-06-27
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 9780521565042

A personal and political analysis of the reign of Kaiser Wilhelm II using new archival sources.

Mathematicians under the Nazis

Mathematicians under the Nazis
Author: Sanford L. Segal
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 567
Release: 2014-11-23
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1400865387

Contrary to popular belief--and despite the expulsion, emigration, or death of many German mathematicians--substantial mathematics was produced in Germany during 1933-1945. In this landmark social history of the mathematics community in Nazi Germany, Sanford Segal examines how the Nazi years affected the personal and academic lives of those German mathematicians who continued to work in Germany. The effects of the Nazi regime on the lives of mathematicians ranged from limitations on foreign contact to power struggles that rattled entire institutions, from changed work patterns to military draft, deportation, and death. Based on extensive archival research, Mathematicians under the Nazis shows how these mathematicians, variously motivated, reacted to the period's intense political pressures. It details the consequences of their actions on their colleagues and on the practice and organs of German mathematics, including its curricula, institutions, and journals. Throughout, Segal's focus is on the biographies of individuals, including mathematicians who resisted the injection of ideology into their profession, some who worked in concentration camps, and others (such as Ludwig Bieberbach) who used the "Aryanization" of their profession to further their own agendas. Some of the figures are no longer well known; others still tower over the field. All lived lives complicated by Nazi power. Presenting a wealth of previously unavailable information, this book is a large contribution to the history of mathematics--as well as a unique view of what it was like to live and work in Nazi Germany.

Serving the Reich

Serving the Reich
Author: Philip Ball
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 314
Release: 2014-10-20
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 022620457X

The compelling story of leading physicists in Germany—including Peter Debye, Max Planck, and Werner Heisenberg—and how they accommodated themselves to working within the Nazi state in the 1930s and ’40s. After World War II, most scientists in Germany maintained that they had been apolitical or actively resisted the Nazi regime, but the true story is much more complicated. In Serving the Reich, Philip Ball takes a fresh look at that controversial history, contrasting the career of Peter Debye, director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin, with those of two other leading physicists in Germany during the Third Reich: Max Planck, the elder statesman of physics after whom Germany’s premier scientific society is now named, and Werner Heisenberg, who succeeded Debye as director of the institute when it became focused on the development of nuclear power and weapons. Mixing history, science, and biography, Ball’s gripping exploration of the lives of scientists under Nazism offers a powerful portrait of moral choice and personal responsibility, as scientists navigated “the grey zone between complicity and resistance.” Ball’s account of the different choices these three men and their colleagues made shows how there can be no clear-cut answers or judgment of their conduct. Yet, despite these ambiguities, Ball makes it undeniable that the German scientific establishment as a whole mounted no serious resistance to the Nazis, and in many ways acted as a willing instrument of the state. Serving the Reich considers what this problematic history can tell us about the relationship between science and politics today. Ultimately, Ball argues, a determination to present science as an abstract inquiry into nature that is “above politics” can leave science and scientists dangerously compromised and vulnerable to political manipulation.