The Impact Of Wildfires On The Abundance Composition And Recalcitrance Of Soil Organic Matter
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Fire Effects on Ecosystems
| Author | : Leonard F. DeBano |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 356 |
| Release | : 1998-03-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780471163565 |
A comprehensive exploration of the effects of fires--in forests and other environments--on soils, watersheds, vegetation, air and cultural resources.
From Fires to Oceans: Dynamics of Fire-Derived Organic Matter in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems
| Author | : Samuel Abiven |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 258 |
| Release | : 2019-05-09 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 2889458245 |
Fire-derived organic matter, also known as pyrogenic carbon (PyC), is ubiquitous on Earth. It can be found in soils, sediments, water and air. In this wide range of environments, fire-derived organic matter, represents a key component of the organic matter pool, and, in many cases, the largest identifiable group of organic compounds. PyC is also one of the most persistent organic matter fractions in the ecosystems, and its study is, therefore, particularly relevant for the global carbon cycle. From its production during vegetation fires to its transfer into soils, sediments and waters, PyC goes through different transformations, both abiotic and biotic. Contrary to early assumptions, PyC is not inert and interacts strongly with the environment: evidence of microbial decomposition, oxidation patterns and interactions with minerals have been described in different matrices. PyC travels across these different environments and it is modified chemically and physically, but remains persistent. This Research Topic explores important questions in our understanding of fire-derived organic matter, from the characterization and quantification of PyC components, to the transformation and mobilization processes taking place on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The studies compiled here provide novel and, often, unexpected results. They all answer some of the questions posed and, more importantly, provide scope for many more.
Fire Effects on Soil Properties
| Author | : Paulo Pereira |
| Publisher | : CSIRO PUBLISHING |
| Total Pages | : 400 |
| Release | : 2019-02-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1486308155 |
Wildland fires are occurring more frequently and affecting more of Earth's surface than ever before. These fires affect the properties of soils and the processes by which they form, but the nature of these impacts has not been well understood. Given that healthy soil is necessary to sustain biodiversity, ecosystems and agriculture, the impact of fire on soil is a vital field of research. Fire Effects on Soil Properties brings together current research on the effects of fire on the physical, biological and chemical properties of soil. Written by over 60 international experts in the field, it includes examples from fire-prone areas across the world, dealing with ash, meso and macrofauna, smouldering fires, recurrent fires and management of fire-affected soils. It also describes current best practice methodologies for research and monitoring of fire effects and new methodologies for future research. This is the first time information on this topic has been presented in a single volume and the book will be an important reference for students, practitioners, managers and academics interested in the effects of fire on ecosystems, including soil scientists, geologists, forestry researchers and environmentalists.
Fire, Charcoal, and the Biogeochemistry of Carbon and Nitrogen in Pacific Northwest Forest Soils
| Author | : Melissa Rose Ann Pingree |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 135 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : Ecological disturbances |
| ISBN | : |
The rain shadow forests of the Olympic peninsula represent a unique, mixed-severity fire regime class in the midst of a highly productive landscape where spatial heterogeneity of fire severity may have significant implications for below and aboveground post-fire recovery. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impacts of wildfire on forest carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools and assess the influence of charcoal in a mixed-severity ecosystem on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA. We established a fire chronosequence in forest stands ranging in time since fire (TSF) from 3 to 115 years prior to site establishment. At each site, we measured vegetation abundance, overstory composition, and attributes of surface mineral soil to a depth of 10 cm and forest floor organic matter that included pH, texture, bulk density, and C and N pools (dissolved organic C [DOC], phenol, ammonium, nitrate). Non-ionic resin lysimeters were buried at the interface of organic and mineral soil to measure the O-horizon leached DOC that would contact charcoal particles on the forest floor. Charcoal particles collected from the chronosequence sites were used in adsorption batch experimentation with phenol as a sorbate and measured an average 29.70 (± 6.23) [mcg] phenol mg charcoal-1 adsorption capacity, which did not differ significantly between chronosequence sites. Wildfire-produced charcoal along the chronosequence showed high variability in adsorption capacity, which was partially explained by the thermogravimetric region of volatilized adsorbed compounds onto charcoal surfaces. The O-horizon leachate averaged 1.05 (SD ± 2.87) g DOC m-2 year-1 and increased significantly along the TSF gradient (Pearson's r = 0.52; p
Soils Under Fire
| Author | : Heather E. Erickson |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 24 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Fire ecology |
| ISBN | : |
Soils are fundamental to a healthy and functioning ecosystem. Therefore, forest land managers can greatly benefit from a more thorough understanding of the ecological impacts of fire and fuel management activities on the vital services soils provide. We present a summary of new research on fire effects and soils made possible through the Joint Fire Science Program and highlight management implications where applicable. Some responses were consistent across sites, whereas others were unique and may not easily be extrapolated to other sites. Selected findings include (1) postfire soil water repellency is most likely to occur in areas of high burn severity and is closely related to surface vegetation; (2) although wildfire has the potential to decrease the amount of carbon stored in soils, major changes in land use, such as conversion from forest to grasslands, present a much greater threat to carbon storage; (3) prescribed fires, which tend to burn less severely than wildfires and oftentimes have minor effects on soils, may nonetheless decrease species richness of certain types of fungi; and (4) early season prescribed burns tend to have less impact than late season burns on soil organisms, soil carbon, and other soil properties.
Microbial Communities in Soil
| Author | : V. Jensen |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1986-04-30 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780853344414 |
Vegetation Effects on Soil Organic Matter in Forested Ecosystems
| Author | : Sandra Spielvogel |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 131 |
| Release | : 2022-02-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 2889743993 |
Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions
| Author | : Richard V. Pouyat |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 306 |
| Release | : 2020-09-02 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3030452166 |
This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.
