The Impact Of Profit Shifting On Economic Activity And Tax Competition
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| Author | : Mr.Alexander D Klemm |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 18 |
| Release | : 2019-12-20 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513525069 |
A growing empirical literature has documented significant profit shifting activities by multinationals. This paper looks at the impact of such profit shifting on real activity and tax competition. Real activity can be affected as profit shifting changes—and theoretically most likely reduces—the cost of capital. Tax competition, even over real capital, is affected, because a permissive attitude toward profit shifting can be seen as a selective tax reduction for multinationals. Tightening profit shifting rules in turn can affect tax competition through the main rate. This paper discusses these issues theoretically and with the help of a simulation to assess the impact of profit-shifting on investment, revenues, and government behavior. Using the theoretical framework, it also provides a brief overview of the related empirical literature.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 91 |
| Release | : 2013-02-12 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264192743 |
This report presents studies and data available regarding the existence and magnitude of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), and contains an overview of global developments that have an impact on corporate tax matters.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 44 |
| Release | : 2013-07-19 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264202714 |
This action plan, created in response to a request by the G20, identifies a set of domestic and international actions to address the problems of base erosion and profit sharing.
| Author | : Sebastian Beer |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 45 |
| Release | : 2018-07-23 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 148436399X |
This paper reviews the rapidly growing empirical literature on international tax avoidance by multinational corporations. It surveys evidence on main channels of corporate tax avoidance including transfer mispricing, international debt shifting, treaty shopping, tax deferral and corporate inversions. Moreover, it performs a meta analysis of the extensive literature that estimates the overall size of profit shifting. We find that the literature suggests that, on average, a 1 percentage-point lower corporate tax rate will expand before-tax income by 1 percent—an effect that is larger than reported as the consensus estimate in previous surveys and tends to be increasing over time. The literature on tax avoidance still has several unresolved puzzles and blind spots that require further research.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 82 |
| Release | : 1998-05-19 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264162941 |
Tax competition in the form of harmful tax practices can distort trade and investment patterns, erode national tax bases and shift part of the tax burden onto less mobile tax bases. The Report emphasises that governments must intensify their cooperative actions to curb harmful tax practices.
| Author | : Mario Mansour |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 41 |
| Release | : 2013-07-09 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484338774 |
We review the current state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union’s tax coordination framework, against the main objectives of the WAEMU Treaty of 1994: reduce distortions to intra-community trade, and mobilize domestic tax revenue. The process of tax coordination in WAEMU is one of the most advanced in the world—de jure at least—, but remains in many areas ineffective de facto. Nevertheless, the framework has, to some extent, succeeded in converging tax systems, particularly statutory tax rates, and may have contributed to improving revenue mobilisation. Important lessons can be drawn from the WAEMU experience, particularly in terms of whether coordination should take the form of harmonization through a top-down approach, or a softer approach of sharing best practice and limiting certain types of tax competition.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 284 |
| Release | : 2020-10-12 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264494839 |
In May 2019, the Inclusive Framework adopted a Programme of Work, which was endorsed by the G20 Finance Ministers and G20 Leaders in June 2019. The Programme of Work outlined proposals in two pillars that could form the basis for a multilateral consensus-based solution. This report presents an ex ante analysis of the economic and tax revenue implications of the Pillar One and Pillar Two proposals under discussion by the Inclusive Framework as part of its work to address the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy.
| Author | : Aqib Aslam |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 50 |
| Release | : 2021-06-08 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513561073 |
This paper examines the role of minimum taxes and attempts to quantify their impact on economic activity. Minimum taxes can be effective at shoring up the corporate tax base and enhancing the perceived equity of the tax system, potentially motivating broader taxpayer compliance. Where political and administrative constraints prevent reforms to the standard corporate income tax, a minimum tax can help mitigate base erosion from excessive tax incentives and avoidance. Using a new panel dataset that catalogues changes in minimum tax regimes over time around the world, firm-level analysis suggests that the introduction or reform of a minimum tax is associated with an increase in the average effective tax rate of just over 1.5 percentage points with respect to turnover and of around 10 percent with respect to operating income. Minimum taxes based on modified corporate income lead to the largest increases in effective tax rates, followed by those based on assets and turnover.
| Author | : Martin Feldstein |
| Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
| Total Pages | : 338 |
| Release | : 2007-12-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0226241874 |
The tax rules of the United States and other countries have intended and unintended effects on the operations of multinational corporations, influencing everything from the formation and allocation of capital to competitive strategies. The growing importance of international business has led economists to reconsider whether current systems of taxing international income are viable in a world of significant capital market integration and global commercial competition. In an attempt to quantify the effect of tax policy on international investment choices, this volume presents in-depth analyses of the interaction of international tax rules and the investment decisions of multinational enterprises. Ten papers assess the role played by multinational firms and their investment in the U.S. economy and the design of international tax rules for multinational investment; analyze channels through which international tax rules affect the costs of international business activities; and examine ways in which international tax rules affect financing decisions of multinational firms. As a group, the papers demonstrate that international tax rules have significant effects on firms' investment and other financing decisions.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 651 |
| Release | : 2021-04-29 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264438181 |
This annual publication provides details of taxes paid on wages in OECD countries. It covers personal income taxes and social security contributions paid by employees, social security contributions and payroll taxes paid by employers, and cash benefits received by workers. Taxing Wages 2021 includes a special feature entitled: “Impact of COVID-19 on the Tax Wedge in OECD Countries”.
