The Hydra The Strategic Paradox Of Human Security In Mexico
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| Author | : Zachary Martin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 50 |
| Release | : 2021-08-18 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This paper explores the social climate and circumstances in Mexico that have led to increased cartel activity over the past twenty years. Analysis of these circumstances shows that both Mexico and the United States have failed in their efforts to eradicate cartels and curb violent crime and illicit drug trafficking on both sides of the border. An examination of the Mexican administrations over two decades highlights the efforts and missteps the governments have made that contribute to the rising violent crime rates throughout the country. This paper also discusses potential solutions to those problems and the difficulties both countries face in implementing them
| Author | : Zachary Martin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 42 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Cartels |
| ISBN | : |
"Cartels in Mexico produce significant levels of violence and criminality in Mexico through their illicit narcotics trade. The effects of cartel activity spill over into the United States through immigration issues and narcotics deaths. In 2006, the Mexican government applied a counternetwork decapitation strategy to eliminate cartel leadership and thereby reduce criminality in an attempt to ease pressure from both sides of the border. The US supported the Mexican strategy through the Mérida Initiative to build security capacity. However, from 2006 to 2018 homicide rates per 100,000 residents increased in Mexico by 248 percent, while illicit narcotics trafficking and indicators of corruption, extortion, kidnapping, and human trafficking rose. I have shown, using secondary source material and analytical and qualitative methods, the nature of the illicit-narcotics problem and explain why past strategies failed. The problem facing the US and Mexico consists of deficient human security fueled by an illicit narcotics supply-demand dynamic rooted in societal issues and economic underdevelopment. Cartels take advantage of this shortfall. Because the Mexican government misdiagnosed the threat, it applied incoherent and unproductive measures more suited for a Clausewitzian war paradigm strategy. Finally, I identify a paradox in the narcotics legalization argument that harbors significant challenges to successful implementation and holds the potential for transforming a human security problem into an insurgency."--Abstract.
| Author | : Zachary W. Martin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 108 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Cartels |
| ISBN | : |
"This paper examines why trafficking, corruption, and violence spillover effects associated with Mexican drug cartels worsened from 2006 to 2019 despite U.S. efforts to curb these problems by providing security assistance for the Government of Mexico (GoM). The paper accordingly addresses the viability and effectiveness of U.S. security assistance strategy. To assess U.S. security assistance to Mexico, the author develops and tests a novel theory - the Hydra Theory - that models the logics of cartel behavior, categorizes the types of strategies used to counter cartels, and predicts how the targeting of trafficking, corruption, violence, or any combination, will trigger changes in cartel behavior. This theory is applied to three phases of U.S. security assistance to Mexico between 2006 and 2019. The study finds that trafficking, corruption, and violence associated with Mexican drug cartels worsened between 2006 and 2019 despite U.S. security assistance because combined U.S. and GoM counter-trafficking efforts incentivized cartels to increase their use of violence and corruption practices. Neither U.S. security assistance nor GoM strategies increased the deterrence capacity of local and state law enforcement entities capable of preventing the subsequent rise in violence. U.S. programs and GoM initiatives also did not increase the capabilities of the Mexican government to accurately monitor for and consistently sanction the subsequent increase in bribe-taking amongst law enforcement. After the USG and the GoM had significantly disrupted the drug market by 2010, neither state increased counter-trafficking efforts to compensate for the subsequent rise in cartel drug production. Accordingly, U.S. security assistance programs bear some responsibility for the negative trends in cartel spillover effects today. This assessment has significant implications for U.S. security assistance strategy moving forward. The author concludes that implementing a combined two-vector strategy against trafficking and corruption is the best option the USG and the GoM can adopt today. The possession of law enforcement agents willing to enforce de jure policy increases the GoM’s strategy options by allowing it to implement a counter-trafficking or violence reduction strategy capable of significantly reducing cartel spillover."--Abstract.
| Author | : Chiyuki Aoi |
| Publisher | : UNU |
| Total Pages | : 316 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : |
The deployment of a large number of soldiers, police officers and civilian personnel inevitably has various effects on the host society and economy, not all of which are in keeping with the peacekeeping mandate and intent or are easily discernible prior to the intervention. This book is one of the first attempts to improve our understanding of unintended consequences of peacekeeping operations, by bringing together field experiences and academic analysis. The aim of the book is not to discredit peace operations but rather to improve the way in which such operations are planned and managed.
| Author | : Conor Gearty |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 192 |
| Release | : 2006-05-18 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 131645052X |
In this set of three essays, originally presented as the 2005 Hamlyn Lectures, Conor Gearty considers whether human rights can survive the challenges of the war on terror, the revival of political religion, and the steady erosion of the world's natural resources. He also looks deeper than this to consider the fundamental question: How can we tell what human rights are? In his first essay, Gearty asks how the idea of human rights needs to be made to work in our age of relativism, uncertainty and anxiety. In the second, he assesses how the idea of human rights has coped with its incorporation in legal form in the UK Human Rights Act, arguing that the record is much better and more democratic than many human rights enthusiasts allow. In his final essay, Gearty confronts the challenges that may destroy the language of human rights for the generations that follow us.
| Author | : Henry Etzkowitz |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 177 |
| Release | : 2008-02-05 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1135925283 |
A Triple Helix of university-industry-government interactions is the key to innovation in increasingly knowledge-based societies. As the creation, dissemination, and utilization of knowledge moves from the periphery to the center of industrial production and governance, the concept of innovation, in product and process, is itself being transformed. In its place is a new sense of 'innovation in innovation' - the restructuring and enhancement of the organizational arrangements and incentives that foster innovation. This triple helix intersection of relatively independent institutional spheres generates hybrid organizations such as technology transfer offices in universities, firms, and government research labs and business and financial support institutions such as angel networks and venture capital for new technology-based firms that are increasingly developing around the world. The Triple Helix describes this new innovation model and assists students, researchers, and policymakers in addressing such questions as: How do we enhance the role of universities in regional economic and social development? How can governments, at all levels, encourage citizens to take an active role in promoting innovation in innovation and, conversely, how can citizens so encourage their governments? How can firms collaborate with each other and with universities and government to become more innovative? What are the key elements and challenges to reaching these goals?
| Author | : Zalmay Khalilzad |
| Publisher | : Rand Corporation |
| Total Pages | : 479 |
| Release | : 1999-05-11 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0833043331 |
Advances in information technology have led us to rely on easy communication and readily available information--both in our personal lives and in the life of our nation. For the most part, we have rightly welcomed these changes. But information that is readily available is available to friend and foe alike; a system that relies on communication can become useless if its ability to communicate is interfered with or destroyed. Because this reliance is so general, attacks on the information infrastructure can have widespread effects, both for the military and for society. And such attacks can come from a variety of sources, some difficult or impossible to identify. This, the third volume in the Strategic Appraisal series, draws on the expertise of researchers from across RAND to explore the opportunities and vulnerabilities inherent in the increasing reliance on information technology, looking both at its usefulness to the warrior and the need to protect its usefulness for everyone. The Strategic Appraisal series is intended to review, for a broad audience, issues bearing on national security and defense planning.
| Author | : Peter Hough |
| Publisher | : Psychology Press |
| Total Pages | : 288 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : Security, International |
| ISBN | : 041529665X |
This work provides an introduction to both the conventional 'hard' security issues which dominated international relations during the Cold War and the 'soft' security issues which have emerged in the post-Cold War era.
| Author | : Erik Brynjolfsson |
| Publisher | : W. W. Norton & Company |
| Total Pages | : 320 |
| Release | : 2014-01-20 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0393239357 |
The big stories -- The skills of the new machines : technology races ahead -- Moore's law and the second half of the chessboard -- The digitization of just about everything -- Innovation : declining or recombining? -- Artificial and human intelligence in the second machine age -- Computing bounty -- Beyond GDP -- The spread -- The biggest winners : stars and superstars -- Implications of the bounty and the spread -- Learning to race with machines : recommendations for individuals -- Policy recommendations -- Long-term recommendations -- Technology and the future (which is very different from "technology is the future").
| Author | : Subcomandante Marcos |
| Publisher | : Seven Stories Press |
| Total Pages | : 518 |
| Release | : 2002-05-07 |
| Genre | : Literary Collections |
| ISBN | : 9781583224724 |
In this landmark book, Seven Stories Press presents a powerful collection of literary, philosophical, and political writings of the masked Zapatista spokesperson, Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos. Introduced by Nobel Prize winner José Saramago, and illustrated with beautiful black and white photographs, Our Word Is Our Weapon crystallizes "the passion of a rebel, the poetry of a movement, and the literary genius of indigenous Mexico." Marcos first captured world attention on January 1, 1994, when he and an indigenous guerrilla group calling themselves "Zapatistas" revolted against the Mexican government and seized key towns in Mexico's southernmost state of Chiapas. In the six years that have passed since their uprising, Marcos has altered the course of Mexican politics and emerged an international symbol of grassroots movement-building, rebellion, and democracy. The prolific stream of poetic political writings, tales, and traditional myths that Marcos has penned since January 1, 1994 fill more than four volumes. Our Word Is Our Weapon presents the best of these writings, many of which have never been published before in English. Throughout this remarkable book we hear the uncompromising voice of indigenous communities living in resistance, expressing through manifestos and myths the universal human urge for dignity, democracy, and liberation. It is the voice of a people refusing to be forgotten the voice of Mexico in transition, the voice of a people struggling for democracy by using their word as their only weapon.
