The Genetic Basis Of Alcohol And Drug Actions
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| Author | : J.C. Crabbe Jr. |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 393 |
| Release | : 2013-11-11 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1489920676 |
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The use of genetic animal models in neuroscience and biomedical research is showing dramatic growth. The earliest application of these models to research on drug mechanisms was in the area of alcohol research. Mardones (1951) reported successful selective breeding of rats preferring and not preferring to drink alcohol under various conditions of dietary deficiency, suggesting genetic control of alcohol drinking. McClearn and Rodgers (1959, 1961) described differences among inbred mouse strains in preference for 10Ofo ethanol solutions versus tap water. Active exploration of this phenomenon continued until the early 1970s, eventually spawning the entire range of alcohol genetic research reviewed in Chapters 2 and 3 of this volume. Notably, oral alcohol self-administration has served as the basis for the development of several rat lines bred for preference or aversion, and these lines are very actively being investigated. The pioneering research of Dr. McClearn and others was very wide ranging in its conceptual scope and at least touched on all issues currently under intense investigation. The basic approach was to identify high and low preferrers among inbred strains of mice and to search for preference correlates in other traits. One major thrust of early research was to attempt to explain strain differences in preference as a function of underlying differences in patterns of caloric utilization. Reviews of these studies concluded that nutritional factors could not completely explain preference differences (Rod gers, 1966; McClearn, 1968).
| Author | : Henri Begleiter |
| Publisher | : Alcohol and Alcoholism |
| Total Pages | : 420 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : Alcoholism |
| ISBN | : 9780195088779 |
This volume provides an in-depth look at the genetic influences that contribute to the development of alcoholism. Part I: Epidemiologic Studies contains five chapters that examine the various approaches employed in the study of the genetics of alcoholism. It provides a historical perspectiveand details all the essentials of this subject. Part II: Selective Breeding Studies highlights the results of research involving the selective breeding of rodents. This type of research has produced homogenous strains exhibiting specific behavioral responses considered significant in thedevelopment and maintenance of alcohol dependence. The studies presented in Part III: Phenotypic Studies investigate and analyze phenotypic markers that serve as correlates to the genotypic determinants of alcoholism. Through its broad scope, this volume provides for the first time a panoramic viewof the knowledge available on the hereditary influences of alcoholism.
| Author | : Shafiqur Rahman |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 279 |
| Release | : 2016-01-28 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 0128038683 |
This volume of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science focuses on the molecular basis of drug addiction. - Contains contributions from leading authorities - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
| Author | : David J. Kupfer |
| Publisher | : American Psychiatric Pub |
| Total Pages | : 340 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : |
Produced as a partnership between the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the National Institute on Drug Abuse, this thought-provoking collection of white papers: Examines nomenclature issues. Reviews genetic, brain imaging, postmortem, and animal model research and includes strategic insights for a new research agenda Outlines recent progress in developmental neuroscience, genetics, psychology, psychopathology, and epidemiology, focusing on the turbulent first two decades of life. Suggests a research agenda for personality disorders that uses a dimensional rather than the current categorical approach to diagnosis. Proposes a research agenda to evaluate the clinical utility and validity of adding relational disorders to DSM-IV. Reevaluates the relationship between mental disorders and disability, proposing that diagnosis and disability be uncoupled. Examines the importance of culture in psychopathology and the main cultural variables at play in the diagnostic process.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 171 |
| Release | : 2016-09-03 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0309439124 |
Estimates indicate that as many as 1 in 4 Americans will experience a mental health problem or will misuse alcohol or drugs in their lifetimes. These disorders are among the most highly stigmatized health conditions in the United States, and they remain barriers to full participation in society in areas as basic as education, housing, and employment. Improving the lives of people with mental health and substance abuse disorders has been a priority in the United States for more than 50 years. The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 is considered a major turning point in America's efforts to improve behavioral healthcare. It ushered in an era of optimism and hope and laid the groundwork for the consumer movement and new models of recovery. The consumer movement gave voice to people with mental and substance use disorders and brought their perspectives and experience into national discussions about mental health. However over the same 50-year period, positive change in American public attitudes and beliefs about mental and substance use disorders has lagged behind these advances. Stigma is a complex social phenomenon based on a relationship between an attribute and a stereotype that assigns undesirable labels, qualities, and behaviors to a person with that attribute. Labeled individuals are then socially devalued, which leads to inequality and discrimination. This report contributes to national efforts to understand and change attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that can lead to stigma and discrimination. Changing stigma in a lasting way will require coordinated efforts, which are based on the best possible evidence, supported at the national level with multiyear funding, and planned and implemented by an effective coalition of representative stakeholders. Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Evidence for Stigma Change explores stigma and discrimination faced by individuals with mental or substance use disorders and recommends effective strategies for reducing stigma and encouraging people to seek treatment and other supportive services. It offers a set of conclusions and recommendations about successful stigma change strategies and the research needed to inform and evaluate these efforts in the United States.
| Author | : Stanley Fields |
| Publisher | : MIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 235 |
| Release | : 2010-09-24 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0262289008 |
How tiny variations in our personal DNA can determine how we look, how we behave, how we get sick, and how we get well. News stories report almost daily on the remarkable progress scientists are making in unraveling the genetic basis of disease and behavior. Meanwhile, new technologies are rapidly reducing the cost of reading someone's personal DNA (all six billion letters of it). Within the next ten years, hospitals may present parents with their newborn's complete DNA code along with her footprints and APGAR score. In Genetic Twists of Fate, distinguished geneticists Stanley Fields and Mark Johnston help us make sense of the genetic revolution that is upon us. Fields and Johnston tell real life stories that hinge on the inheritance of one tiny change rather than another in an individual's DNA: a mother wrongly accused of poisoning her young son when the true killer was a genetic disorder; the screen siren who could no longer remember her lines because of Alzheimer's disease; and the president who was treated with rat poison to prevent another heart attack. In an engaging and accessible style, Fields and Johnston explain what our personal DNA code is, how a few differences in its long list of DNA letters makes each of us unique, and how that code influences our appearance, our behavior, and our risk for such common diseases as diabetes or cancer.
| Author | : Keith Humphreys |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 279 |
| Release | : 2016-04-28 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1107519527 |
This book presents state-of-the-art, accessible reviews of the science of alcohol treatment and guidance for the management of clinical situations.
| Author | : Mary Torregrossa |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 308 |
| Release | : 2018-08-24 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0128123311 |
Neural Mechanisms of Addiction is the only book available that synthesizes the latest research in the field into a single, accessible resource covering all aspects of how addiction develops and persists in the brain. The book summarizes our most recent understanding on the neural mechanisms underlying addiction. It also examines numerous biobehavioral aspects of addiction disorders, such as reinforcement learning, reward, cognitive dysfunction, stress, and sleep and circadian rhythms that are not covered in any other publication. Readers with find the most up-to-date information on which to build a foundation for their future research in this expanding field. Combining chapters from leading researchers and thought leaders, this book is an indispensable guide for students and investigators engaged in addiction research. - Transcends multiple neural, neurochemical and behavioral domains - Summarizes advances in the field of addiction research since the advent of optogenetics - Discusses the most current, leading theories of addiction, including molecular mechanisms and dopamine mechanisms
| Author | : Kewal K. Jain |
| Publisher | : Humana Press |
| Total Pages | : 762 |
| Release | : 2015-03-17 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1493925539 |
Advances in the technology used in personalized medicine and increased applications for clinical use have created a need for this expansion and revision of Kewal K. Jain’s Textbook of Personalized Medicine. As the first definitive work on this topic, this book reviews the fundamentals and development of personalized medicine and subsequent adoptions of the concepts by the biopharmaceutical industry and the medical profession. It also discusses examples of applications in key therapeutic areas, as well as ethical and regulatory issues, providing a concise and comprehensive source of reference for those involved in healthcare management, planning and politics. Algorithms are included as a guide to those involved in the management of important diseases where decision-making is involved due to the multiple choices available. Textbook of Personalized Medicine, Second Edition will serve as a convenient source of information for physicians, scientists, decision makers in the biopharmaceutical and healthcare industries and interested members of the public.
| Author | : Office of the Surgeon General |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
| Total Pages | : 420 |
| Release | : 2017-08-15 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781974580620 |
All across the United States, individuals, families, communities, and health care systems are struggling to cope with substance use, misuse, and substance use disorders. Substance misuse and substance use disorders have devastating effects, disrupt the future plans of too many young people, and all too often, end lives prematurely and tragically. Substance misuse is a major public health challenge and a priority for our nation to address. The effects of substance use are cumulative and costly for our society, placing burdens on workplaces, the health care system, families, states, and communities. The Report discusses opportunities to bring substance use disorder treatment and mainstream health care systems into alignment so that they can address a person's overall health, rather than a substance misuse or a physical health condition alone or in isolation. It also provides suggestions and recommendations for action that everyone-individuals, families, community leaders, law enforcement, health care professionals, policymakers, and researchers-can take to prevent substance misuse and reduce its consequences.
