The Evaluation of Microbiological Aerosols Associated with the Application of Wastewater to Land
Author | : Donald Edgar Johnson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 212 |
Release | : 1980 |
Genre | : Sewage irrigation |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : Donald Edgar Johnson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 212 |
Release | : 1980 |
Genre | : Sewage irrigation |
ISBN | : |
Author | : D. E. Johnson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 479 |
Release | : 1979 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
The purpose was to determine extent that individuals near spray irrigation sites are exposed to microorganisms in wastewater aerosols. Report covers Phase II - a monitoring effort from May 1976 to April 1977 of a spray irrigation site utilizing unchlorinated secondarily-treated wastewater from biofiltration treatment process. Objectives included an in-depth pathogen screen of wastewater, establishing the relationship between pathogen levels and traditional indicator organisms, monitoring microorganisms in air within 600 meters of the spray source, and development/validation of a microbiological dispersion model for predicting pathogen aerosol concentrations. Effluent was monitored for microbiological, chemical, and physical characteristics; extensive microorganism and dye aerosol samples were collected (77 aerosol runs). Enteroviruses were detected in air, but at a very low concentration. Conclusions: There is considerable underestimation of pathogen aerosol levels when using traditional indicators to predict human exposures to enteroviruses. Microbiological dispersion model may be used with minimal monitoring to estimate exposure. There is little correlation between wastewater levels of traditional indicators and pathogens. Microbiological wastewater aerosols are generated by spray irrigation, do survive aerosolization and can be transported to nearby populations.
Author | : United States. Environmental Protection Agency |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 268 |
Release | : 1992 |
Genre | : Water reuse |
ISBN | : |
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 42 |
Release | : 1978 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
The second phase of a field study to measure microbiological aerosol disemination by the spray irrigation mode of land wastewater application was conducted at Ft. Huachuca, AZ. Chlorinated and unchlorinated secondarily treated wastewaters were sprayed in periods of high and low sunlight intensity, and bacterial and virus aerosols were sampled. Predictions of long distance migration and aerosol dispersal of total aerobic bacteria and enteric virus (utilizing seeded coliphage f2 as a model), were emphasized.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 300 |
Release | : 1994-02-01 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : 0309051428 |
As demand for water increases, water managers and planners will need to look widely for ways to improve water management and augment water supplies. This book concludes that artificial recharge can be one option in an integrated strategy to optimize total water resource management and that in some cases impaired-quality water can be used effectively as a source for artificial recharge of ground water aquifers. Source water quality characteristics, pretreatment and recharge technologies, transformations during transport through the soil and aquifer, public health issues, economic feasibility, and legal and institutional considerations are addressed. The book evaluates three main types of impaired quality water sourcesâ€"treated municipal wastewater, stormwater runoff, and irrigation return flowâ€"and describes which is the most consistent in terms of quality and quantity. Also included are descriptions of seven recharge projects.