Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of movement instruction on the musical and movement achievement of beginning band students. The following research questions were explored: (a) Does the use of rhythmic motor movements during instrumental lessons influence the rhythmic achievement of beginning band students? (b) Does the type of movement affect the rhythmic achievement of beginning band students? (c) Are students' music abilities influenced by the incorporation of movement and music? and (d) Are students' movement abilities influenced through the incorporation of music and movement? Fifth-grade students ( N = 100) were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups for this study. The instruction in four of the treatment groups incorporated a unique movement technique, while the fifth group used no movement. Subjects performed a pretest, and after a 16 week period of instruction, performed a posttest. Music performance results were analyzed using a five-way ANCOVA to examine if there were significant differences in the adjusted posttest scores between groups. Results for the music performance test indicated significant differences between the movement groups with the foot tapping, stepping, and swaying groups achieving the highest mean scores. Movement results indicated significant differences among the groups, with the highest mean scores achieved by the stepping and swaying groups in the measurements of continuity, ease of execution, and rhythmic movement subtests. Among the conclusions of the study is that rhythmic achievement in elementary band and movement are mutually beneficial.