The Effect of Secondary Ettringite Formation on the Durability of Concrete

The Effect of Secondary Ettringite Formation on the Durability of Concrete
Author: Robert L. Day
Publisher: Portland Cement Association
Total Pages: 134
Release: 1992
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN:

The report comprises a review and analysis of the available literature pertaining to the causes, effects and prevention of secondary (delayed) ettringite in concrete . Over 300 publications have been examined . Case studies of damage in concrete possibly caused by secondary ettringite formation are examined first. Fundamental research on secondary ettringite formation, its chemistry, and deposition mechanisms is then reviewed. Key investigations on the topic are analyzed in detail. Next, the potential importance of (a) method of heat-curing and (b) the chemistry of cement is outlined. In the final chapter, a rapid test for evaluation of potential secondary ettringite susceptibility (the "Duggan" test) is evaluated. The analysis indicates that there appears to be a potential for a secondary ettringite formation problem in North America; it is highly probable that secondary ettringite formation can lead to significant deterioration of heat-treated concrete. However, it is unlikely that secondary ettringite formation is, or will be, the sole mechanism responsible for premature deterioration. The critical factors that determine extent of damage due to secondary ettringite formation are (a) duration of delay period before heating the concrete; (b) severity of the heating and/or cooling regime ; and (c) the SO3/A1203 ratio of the cement. There is no evidence that nonheat-treated concrete is susceptible to this phenomenon. Further research and improvements to the Duggan test may result in the development of a useful standard test method to assess the long-term dimensional stability and durability of concrete.

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

Sulfate Attack on Concrete
Author: J. Marchand
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 230
Release: 2001-10-11
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0203301625

Sulfate Attack on Concrete provides a comprehensive reference to this important subject. It covers: a short history of concrete deterioration due to sulfate attack, the origin of sulfates in concrete, the importance of appropriate concrete processing, forms and physical-chemical mechanisms of concrete deterioration due to sulfates, preventative mea

Concrete Petrography

Concrete Petrography
Author: Alan Poole
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 778
Release: 2016-12-19
Genre: Architecture
ISBN: 1466583827

This classic reference has established the value of petrography as a powerful method for the investigation of concrete as a material. It provides an authoritative and well-illustrated review of concrete composition and textures, including the causes of defects, deterioration, and failure that can be identified using a petrological microscope. This new edition is entirely revised and updated and also greatly extended to take account of new scientific developments and significant improvements in instrumentation and to reflect current laboratory working practices, as well as to reflect new understanding of the performance of concrete and related materials. Now in full color throughout, Concrete Petrography, Second Edition provides case study examples, with appropriate explanatory discussions and practical advice on selecting, handling and preparing specimens. It assists and guides the engineer, the trainee and the experienced petrographer in understanding the scientific evidence that is basic to petrographic analysis and so will lead to more accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment of problems in structural concrete. This book includes: Contributions in specialist areas by internationally recognized experts Explanation of computer techniques as an aid to petrography Full coverage of inspection, sampling, and specimen preparation New sections covering recent technological development of equipment Guidance on observation of cement and concrete mineralogy and microfabrics Discussion and illustrative examples of deterioration and failure mechanisms New work and guidance on the determination of water/cement ratio New color illustrations and micrographs throughout Thorough updating of standards, other authoritative publications, and references A fully revised, extended, and updated glossary of optical and other properties

ICE Handbook of Concrete Durability

ICE Handbook of Concrete Durability
Author: Marios Soutsos
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Total Pages: 577
Release: 2023-10-24
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0727763768

ICE Handbook of Concrete Durability, second edition is a comprehensive practical reference for professionals involved in design and maintenance of concrete structures of all types. It is an invaluable guide for construction professionals, including design engineers, consultants and contractors, as well as postgraduate students.

Fundamentals of High-Performance Concrete

Fundamentals of High-Performance Concrete
Author: Edward G. Nawy
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 468
Release: 2000-11-16
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9780471385554

High performance concrete is a key element in virtually all-large construction projects, from tall office and residential buildings to bridges, tunnels and roadways. The fully updated Second Edition helps professionals to understand the performance capabilities of these construction materials when selecting the type of concrete to use for particular projects. The author is one of the worlds acknowledged experts on high performance concrete.

Mechanisms of Chemical Degradation of Cement-based Systems

Mechanisms of Chemical Degradation of Cement-based Systems
Author: K.L. Scrivener
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 474
Release: 1997-04-17
Genre: Architecture
ISBN: 9780419215707

Deterioration of cement-based materials is a continuing problem, as it results in the substantial shortening of the lives of conventional concrete structures. The main costs result from poor performance and the need for early repair. With more advanced applications, where very long service lives are essential, such as the storage of nuclear waste, an understanding of the degradation processes in order to predict long term performance is very important. this book forms the proceedings of the latest Symposia at the Materials Research Society Autumn meeting in Boston.

Reinforced Concrete Structural Reliability

Reinforced Concrete Structural Reliability
Author: Mohamed Abdallah El-Reedy, Ph.D
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 379
Release: 2012-12-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1439872031

Structural engineers must focus on a structure’s continued safety throughout its service life. Reinforced Concrete Structural Reliability covers the methods that enable engineers to keep structures reliable during all project phases, and presents a practical exploration of up-to-date techniques for predicting the lifetime of a structure. The book also helps readers understand where the safety factors used come from and addresses the problems that arise from deviation from these factors. It also examines the question of what code is best to follow for a specific project: the American code, the British Standard, the Eurocode, or other local codes. The author devotes an entire chapter to practical statistics methods and probability theory used in structural and civil engineering, both important for calculating the probability of structural failure (reliability analysis). The text addresses the effects of time, environmental conditions, and loads to assess consequences on older structures as well as to calculate the probability of failure. It also presents the effects of steel bar corrosion and column corrosion, and precautions to consider along with guides for design. This book offers guidelines and tools to evaluate existing as well as new structures, providing all available methods and tests for assessing structures, including visual inspection and nondestructive testing for concrete strength. It also presents techniques for predicting the remaining service life of a structure, which can be used to determine whether to perform repairs or take other action. This practical guide helps readers to differentiate between and understand the philosophy of the various codes and standards, enabling them to work anywhere in the world. It will aid engineers at all levels working on projects from the design to the maintenance phase, increasing their grasp of structure behavior, codes and factors, and predicting service life.