The Effect Of Rising Carbon Dioxide On Communities Of Freshwater Phytoplankton
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Author | : Egor Katkov |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2022 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
"Human activities, such as CO2 emissions are altering aquatic ecosystems in ways that are not fully understood. Because phytoplankton are essential organisms, forming the base of pelagic aquatic food webs, I focus on this group to help us understand how lake ecosystems respond to anthropogenic change. Specifically, I focus on the response of total phytoplankton biomass and community composition to increasing pCO2 in concert with (1) nutrient enrichment, (2) increasing temperatures, and (3) organismal evolution.In the first chapter, I investigated whether CO2 can act as a co-limiting resource that can promote phytoplankton growth and alter community composition across different times of the year. I conducted experiments using mesocosms suspended in a temperate mesotrophic lake, and designed them to evaluate the interactive effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and CO2 enrichment in the months of July, August, October, April and June. I found that, in some seasons, CO2 acted as a co-limiting factor with phosphorus when nitrogen was also added. The phytoplankton community was affected by all three resources in diverse ways at different times of the year. I concluded that CO2 can affect the community composition and be a co-limiting factor for freshwater phytoplankton communities, especially when other resources are abundant, as is typical in eutrophic lakes.In chapter two, I investigated the interactive effect of CO2 and temperature on phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, two highly inter-related factors in the context of climate change. In the same lake as Chapter 1, I ran a single mesocom experiment in late Fall over four weeks. I did not detect an interactive effect between CO2 and temperature, although both factors had independent and additive effects on the phytoplankton community, and temperature altered zooplankton community composition. Additionally, CO2 altered the stoichiometry of the seston, which has been shown in other studies to affect zooplankton food quality. I concluded that, although no evidence for interactive effects was found, CO2 and temperature can have independent and additive effects across and multiple trophic levels in freshwater ecosystems.The third chapter deals with the evolutionary potential of phytoplankton species responding to changing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. I developed an eco-evolutionary model where phytoplankton growth depends on the influx of atmospheric CO2 and carbon uptake kinetics can evolve to trade off maximum carbon flux for affinity. At equilibrium, I found that populations adapted by optimizing carbon uptake to environmental conditions, which, in modelled monocultures, allowed populations to reach higher biomass, and in multi-species communities, allowed certain species to gain an unexpected advantage over others. The biomass increases depended on the species-specific parameters and concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and initial HCO3. I concluded that evolution in the context of changing pCO2 can affect community composition and generate greater biomass increases than expected from CO2 co-limitation alone.In sum, I found that biomass and composition of freshwater phytoplankton communities can be affected by increases in pCO2, by co-limitation, potentially in concert with factors like temperature, and evolution. One key observation and conclusion across all chapters of this thesis is the ecological and evolutionary effects of CO2 are generally small (compared to eutrophication) and may be involved in complex interactions. Such small effect sizes may seem to make it unnecessary to study the effects of enriched CO2. However, the fact that pCO2 concentrations are increasing worldwide, that even a small but large-scale effect can be significant, and that freshwaters are fragile but essential ecosystems, at the mercy of countless potentially interacting human activities, emphasizes the importance of understanding the impact of high pCO2 on freshwater communities"--
Author | : Edgar R. Lemon |
Publisher | : Westview Press |
Total Pages | : 312 |
Release | : 1983-08-18 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Julia Hart |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 62 |
Release | : 2015 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Stephen Christopher Maberly |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 338 |
Release | : 2022-06-28 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1789450829 |
This book describes the mechanisms that allow aquatic photosynthetic organisms to contribute about half of the global primary productivity; in order to mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide and producing oxygen, they transform the original anoxic atmosphere of the Earth over geological time. Aquatic photosynthesis is performed by a wide diversity of organisms, predominantly involving cyanobacteria, and algae derived from the “red-lineage”, unlike terrestrial primary productivity, which is restricted to “green-lineage” plants. Blue Planet, Red and Green Photosynthesis describes how, in order to maximize productivity, aquatic primary producers have evolved a series of structures and mechanisms that increase the limiting supply of carbon dioxide to the enzyme, Rubisco, which is responsible for carbon dioxide fixation. This book covers the molecular mechanisms involved in aquatic carbon uptake and the global consequences as humankind alters the blue planet.
Author | : United States. Federal Water Quality Administration |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 68 |
Release | : 1971 |
Genre | : Algae |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Zhaohe Luo |
Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
Total Pages | : 179 |
Release | : 2024-02-07 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 2832544428 |
The majority of global seafood production and mariculture activities take place in marine coastal water bodies, especially in areas of high primary productivity (from microalgae and plankton). This productivity sustains many forms of ecosystem services and promotes carbon dioxide absorption. However, climate change (ocean warming, acidification, oxygen loss, etc.) and anthropogenic disturbances (nutrients intrusion, aquaculture) have influenced the microalgae/plankton community assemblage and shifted it into a highly productive zone, causing a severe impact on the marine ecosystem, such as an increase in Harmful Algal Blooms, dead zone expansions, and coral-algal phase shifts. So far, there is still little knowledge on the mechanisms of microalgae/plankton community response to these changing environmental conditions. Harmful microalgae impair the marine ecosystem through the production of the so-called shellfish toxins, which cause shellfish contamination and poisoning to the vertebrates, including humans. In addition, some microalgae produce fish-killing toxins (ichthyotoxins), causing increasing damage to marine aquaculture. Besides that, the high productivity/bloom of microalgae in the water due to coastal eutrophication from anthropogenic activities is known to induce hypoxic-anoxic conditions causing a severe economic impact on aquaculture.
Author | : Xing Ji |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 207 |
Release | : 2020 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9789491407918 |
Author | : Yen-ting Yang |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 108 |
Release | : 1967 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Susan B. Gifford |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Atmospheric CO2 emissions are on the rise and are expected to reach 780 parts per million by the year 2100. Research investigating the impacts of increasing CO2 is a relatively new field and the response of phytoplankton communities is largely unknown, especially in coastal and freshwater ecosystems where no CO2 manipulation studies have completed. The present study attempts to encourage uniformity in methods utilized in CO2 perturbation studies and identifies changes in phytoplankton abundance in freshwater (James River) and coastal ocean (Atlantic, Cape Hatteras) sites. A novel bubbling method to manipulate pCO2 was compared with the classic method of acid addition in conjunction with laboratory and in situ experiments. The novel and classic methods were equally effective at manipulating carbonate chemistry to predicted levels. However, the laboratory experiment saw greater variation in both pCO2 levels and chlorophyll-a concentrations throughout the four-day incubation period. The results from the present study encourage use of the novel methodology in combination with in situ experimental setup to assess changes in phytoplankton communities as a result of pCO2 enrichment. This pairing will allow greater replication of small volume incubations without introducing new abiotic conditions such as temperature and light. Additionally this study found no significant treatment effect on phytoplankton communities in either freshwater James River or coastal Atlantic.
Author | : M. F. Coveney |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 1980 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |