The Effect Of Fair Value Versus Historical Cost Reporting Model On Analyst Forecast Accuracy
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| Author | : Lihong Liang |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 49 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This paper examines how the reporting model for a firm's operating assets affects analyst forecast accuracy. We contrast UK and US investment property firms having real estate as their primary operating asset, exploiting that UK (US) firms report these assets at fair value (historical cost). We assess the accuracy of a balance sheet-based forecast (net asset value, or NAV) and an income statement-based forecast (earnings-per-share, or EPS). We predict and find higher NAV forecast accuracy for UK relative to US firms, consistent with the fair value reporting model revealing private information that is incorporated into analysts' balance sheet forecasts. We find this difference is attenuated when the fair value and historical cost models are more likely to converge: during recessionary periods. Finally, we predict and find lower EPS forecast accuracy for UK firms when reporting under the full fair value model of IFRS, in which unrealized fair value gains and losses are included in net income. This is consistent with the full fair value model increasing the difficulty of forecasting net income through the inclusion of non-serially correlated elements such as these gains/losses. Information content analyses provide further support for these inferences. Overall, the results indicate that the fair value reporting model enhances analysts' ability to forecast the balance sheet, but the full fair value model reduces their ability to forecast net income.
| Author | : International Accounting Standards Board |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 104 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Stephen Penman |
| Publisher | : Columbia University Press |
| Total Pages | : 265 |
| Release | : 2010-12-30 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0231521855 |
Accounting for Value teaches investors and analysts how to handle accounting in evaluating equity investments. The book's novel approach shows that valuation and accounting are much the same: valuation is actually a matter of accounting for value. Laying aside many of the tools of modern finance the cost-of-capital, the CAPM, and discounted cash flow analysis Stephen Penman returns to the common-sense principles that have long guided fundamental investing: price is what you pay but value is what you get; the risk in investing is the risk of paying too much; anchor on what you know rather than speculation; and beware of paying too much for speculative growth. Penman puts these ideas in touch with the quantification supplied by accounting, producing practical tools for the intelligent investor. Accounting for value provides protection from paying too much for a stock and clues the investor in to the likely return from buying growth. Strikingly, the analysis finesses the need to calculate a "cost-of-capital," which often frustrates the application of modern valuation techniques. Accounting for value recasts "value" versus "growth" investing and explains such curiosities as why earnings-to-price and book-to-price ratios predict stock returns. By the end of the book, Penman has the intelligent investor thinking like an intelligent accountant, better equipped to handle the bubbles and crashes of our time. For accounting regulators, Penman also prescribes a formula for intelligent accounting reform, engaging with such controversial issues as fair value accounting.
| Author | : Aswath Damodaran |
| Publisher | : Now Publishers Inc |
| Total Pages | : 102 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1601980140 |
Valuation lies at the heart of much of what we do in finance, whether it is the study of market efficiency and questions about corporate governance or the comparison of different investment decision rules in capital budgeting. In this paper, we consider the theory and evidence on valuation approaches. We begin by surveying the literature on discounted cash flow valuation models, ranging from the first mentions of the dividend discount model to value stocks to the use of excess return models in more recent years. In the second part of the paper, we examine relative valuation models and, in particular, the use of multiples and comparables in valuation and evaluate whether relative valuation models yield more or less precise estimates of value than discounted cash flow models. In the final part of the paper, we set the stage for further research in valuation by noting the estimation challenges we face as companies globalize and become exposed to risk in multiple countries.
| Author | : Benjamin Graham |
| Publisher | : McGraw Hill Professional |
| Total Pages | : 762 |
| Release | : 1934 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780070244962 |
Explains financial analysis techniques, shows how to interpret financial statements, and discusses the analysis of fixed-income securities and the valuation of stocks.
| Author | : Sundaresh Ramnath |
| Publisher | : Now Publishers Inc |
| Total Pages | : 125 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1601981627 |
Financial Analysts' Forecasts and Stock Recommendations reviews research related to the role of financial analysts in the allocation of resources in capital markets. The authors provide an organized look at the literature, with particular attention to important questions that remain open for further research. They focus research related to analysts' decision processes and the usefulness of their forecasts and stock recommendations. Some of the major surveys were published in the early 1990's and since then no less than 250 papers related to financial analysts have appeared in the nine major research journals that we used to launch our review of the literature. The research has evolved from descriptions of the statistical properties of analysts' forecasts to investigations of the incentives and decision processes that give rise to those properties. However, in spite of this broader focus, much of analysts' decision processes and the market's mechanism of drawing a useful consensus from the combination of individual analysts' decisions remain hidden in a black box. What do we know about the relevant valuation metrics and the mechanism by which analysts and investors translate forecasts into present equity values? What do we know about the heuristics relied upon by analysts and the market and the appropriateness of their use? Financial Analysts' Forecasts and Stock Recommendations examines these and other questions and concludes by highlighting area for future research.
| Author | : Sudipta Basu |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 15 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Carroll, Linsmeier, and Petroni examine whether fair value financial statements reported by closed-end mutual funds are reliable and relevant. They also examine whether their inferences are sensitive to fund type, where they classify funds into six categories by their majority investment type. They find a significant association between stock market metrics (price and return) and reported fair values and their changes in all cases, controlling for the relation between stock metrics and historical cost values. They conclude that the fair value financial statements issued by closed-end mutual funds are incrementally value-relevant.I argue that the closed-end fund setting is well suited to investigating the valuation role of accounting, because the contracting role of accounting is relatively small and also highly aligned with the valuation role. The closed-end fund setting thus serves as a best-case benchmark for fair value accounting, and I assess the results from this vantage point. I extend the authors' cross-sectional analysis to examine whether value-relevance has changed over time for closed-end funds, and find that it has remained quite stable. I evaluate whether the authors' inferences hold under more powerful tests of relevance and reliability, and find that they do. While the cross-fund tests are consistent with fair value estimates from liquid markets being more reliable, I suggest alternative explanations. Finally, I discuss what we can learn about the desirability of fair value accounting from this paper, and urge caution in generalizing the results to more complex firms.
| Author | : Ruth Picker |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 754 |
| Release | : 2019-06-24 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1119159229 |
Understanding the main concepts of IFRS Standards The fourth edition of Applying IFRS Standards explains the core principles of International Financial Reporting (IFRS) Standards. It also addresses the skills needed to apply the standards in business environments. The book begins with an overview of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and how it establishes accounting standards. The general book topics are then covered in detail and include: income taxes, financial instruments, fair value measurement, property, inventories, employee benefits and more. Discussion questions, exercises and references are provided throughout the book.
| Author | : Wayne R. Landsman |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 38 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Accounting |
| ISBN | : |
I identify issues that bank regulators need to consider if fair value accounting is used for determining bank regulatory capital and when making regulatory decisions. In financial reporting, US and international accounting standard setters have issued several disclosure and measurement and recognition standards for financial instruments and all indications are that both standard setters will mandate recognition of all financial instruments at fair value. To help identify important issues for bank regulators, I briefly review capital market studies that examine the usefulness of fair value accounting to investors, and discuss marking-to-market implementation issues of determining financial instruments' fair values. In doing so, I identify several key issues. First, regulators need to consider how to let managers reveal private information in their fair value estimates while minimising strategic manipulation of model inputs to manage income and regulatory capital. Second, regulators need to consider how best to minimise measurement error in fair values to maximise their usefulness to investors and creditors when making investment decisions, and to ensure bank managers have incentives to select investments that maximise economic efficiency of the banking system. Third, cross-country institutional differences are likely to play an important role in determining the effectiveness of using mark-to-market accounting for financial reporting and bank regulation.
| Author | : Nicolas Schmidlin |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 275 |
| Release | : 2014-06-09 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1118843096 |
The Art of Company Valuation and Financial Statement Analysis: A value investor’s guide with real-life case studies covers all quantitative and qualitative approaches needed to evaluate the past and forecast the future performance of a company in a practical manner. Is a given stock over or undervalued? How can the future prospects of a company be evaluated? How can complex valuation methods be applied in practice? The Art of Company Valuation and Financial Statement Analysis answers each of these questions and conveys the principles of company valuation in an accessible and applicable way. Valuation theory is linked to the practice of investing through financial statement analysis and interpretation, analysis of business models, company valuation, stock analysis, portfolio management and value Investing. The book’s unique approach is to illustrate each valuation method with a case study of actual company performance. More than 100 real case studies are included, supplementing the sound theoretical framework and offering potential investors a methodology that can easily be applied in practice. Written for asset managers, investment professionals and private investors who require a reliable, current and comprehensive guide to company valuation, the book aims to encourage readers to think like an entrepreneur, rather than a speculator, when it comes to investing in the stock markets. It is an approach that has led many to long term success and consistent returns that regularly outperform more opportunistic approaches to investment.
