The Early Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on International Trade and the World Economy

The Early Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on International Trade and the World Economy
Author: Tardzenyuy Achileus
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 27
Release: 2023-08-21
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3346925234

Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, , language: English, abstract: This text discusses the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on international trade and the world economy, focussing both on importing and exporting countries. First, the paper gives an overview of the general global impact of the pandemic, before discussing the economic effects on international trade. It then addresses an increase in trade costs and a decrease in productivity, as well as the impact travel restrictions had on the economy. The next part focusses on importing and exporting countries and lists the effects the pandemic and its restrictions had on both groups, respectively. In the final part, the paper elaborates on other ways in which COVID-19 has had an impact on the world economy, such as the loss of jobs because of business closures, therefore increased poverty and, as a consequence thereof, reduced purchasing power in the population. The coronavirus causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the pandemic on 11 March 2020. According to the WHO website, as of 16 May 2020, more than 300,000 deaths from COVID-19 have been reported worldwide. To slow the spread of the coronavirus, many countries have imposed some form of restriction on people and businesses. Several countries have declared citywide or nationwide lockdowns. Also, many countries have imposed an entry ban on foreigners. Such restrictions have seriously harmed the world economy. For example, China’s economy shrank by 6.8% in the first quarter of 2020. This decrease is the first contraction since 1992, when China began releasing its GDP data. According to the World Economic Outlook, April 2020 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the global economy is projected to sharply contract by –3% in 2020.

Industry 4.0 and Global Businesses

Industry 4.0 and Global Businesses
Author: Enis Yakut
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Total Pages: 175
Release: 2022-01-21
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1801173281

Industry 4.0 and Global Businesses: A Multidisciplinary Investigation provides a multidisciplinary perspective on the transformative effects of Industry 4.0 by aggregating original theoretical, conceptual, and empirical research.

The Effects of Covid-19 on International Trade

The Effects of Covid-19 on International Trade
Author: Tardzenyuy Achileus
Publisher: Independently Published
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023-03-04
Genre:
ISBN:

This book aims to provide early evidence for the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on international trade. This coronavirus causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the pandemic on 11 March 2020. According to the WHO website, as of 16 May 2020, more than 300,000 deaths from COVID-19 have been reported worldwide. To slow the spread of the coronavirus, many countries have imposed some form of restriction on people and businesses. Several countries have declared citywide or nationwide lockdowns. Also, many countries have imposed an entry ban on foreigners. Such restrictions have seriously harmed the world economy. For example, China's economy shrank by 6.8% in the first quarter of 2020. This decrease is the first contraction since 1992 when China began releasing its GDP data. According to the World Economic Outlook, April 2020 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the global economy is projected to sharply contract by -3% in 2020.

Interrupting International Trade

Interrupting International Trade
Author: Randolf Jacob Montoya
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre:
ISBN:

Humans are presently dealing with a pandemic known as COVID-19, a highly contagious pandemic with a global health crisis that has never been seen before. This crisis has significantly impacted communications, employment, production, commerce, consumption, and human existence. With the new economic policies, travel restrictions, and border closures, the disruptions in the international transport sector resulted in a dramatic increase in trade costs. It refers to significantly affecting global commerce in the first quarter of 2020. This paper employs an analytical methodology that aggregates, accumulates, and categorizes domestic and international reports pertinent to the COVID-19 pandemic, government policies, the degree of economic policy uncertainty, and its impact on trade costs. In the present study, we first described in detail the travel restriction measures taken by World Trade Organization members, then the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on trade costs, then the government pandemic response policies in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, and finally the impact of the significantly increased trade costs on global trade and their underlying causes. This paper collected and categorized domestic and international reports on the COVID-19 pandemic through WTO and member country reports using an integrated analysis approach.

The First 100 Days of Covid-19

The First 100 Days of Covid-19
Author: Aleksandar Stojanović
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 584
Release: 2023-04-25
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9811963258

This book provides a novel in-depth study of the early pandemic response policy at the intersection of political economy and law. It explores: (1) whether the responses to COVID-19 were democratically accountable; (2) the ways in which new surveillance and enforcement techniques were adopted; (3) the new monetary and fiscal policies which were implemented; (4) the ways in which employed and unemployed persons were differently impacted by the new policies; and (5) how companies were economically sustained through the pandemic. A compelling look at what happens to societies when disaster strikes, this book will be of interest to legal scholars, political scientists and economists.

The Effects of COVID-19 on the Global and Domestic Economy

The Effects of COVID-19 on the Global and Domestic Economy
Author: Magnus Strömberg
Publisher: Nova Snova
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2021-08-03
Genre: COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-
ISBN: 9781536199529

In the year since the COVID-19 outbreak was first diagnosed, it has spread to over 200 countries and all U.S. states. The pandemic has negatively affected global economic growth beyond anything experienced in nearly a century. Estimates so far indicate the virus reduced global economic growth to an annualized rate of -4.5% to -6.0% in 2020, with a partial recovery of 2.5% to 5.2% projected for 2021. Global trade is estimated to have fallen by 5.3% in 2020, but is projected to grow by 8.0% in 2021. The full economic impact of the pandemic likely will remain unclear until the negative health effects peak. This book provides an overview of the global and domestic economic costs to date and the response by governments and international institutions to address these effects.

The Global Trade Slowdown

The Global Trade Slowdown
Author: Cristina Constantinescu
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 44
Release: 2015-01-21
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498399134

This paper focuses on the sluggish growth of world trade relative to income growth in recent years. The analysis uses an empirical strategy based on an error correction model to assess whether the global trade slowdown is structural or cyclical. An estimate of the relationship between trade and income in the past four decades reveals that the long-term trade elasticity rose sharply in the 1990s, but declined significantly in the 2000s even before the global financial crisis. These results suggest that trade is growing slowly not only because of slow growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but also because of a structural change in the trade-GDP relationship in recent years. The available evidence suggests that the explanation may lie in the slowing pace of international vertical specialization rather than increasing protection or the changing composition of trade and GDP.

Challenges in Economic Policy, Business and Management in the COVID-19 Era

Challenges in Economic Policy, Business and Management in the COVID-19 Era
Author: Anna Ujwary-Gil
Publisher: INE PAN
Total Pages: 269
Release: 2022-01-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 8361597808

The COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessary to redefine the most significant challenges faced by individual economies and society today. It contributed to the change of contemporary social, technological and economic trends, the effects of which will indeed be the subject of many scientific studies in the coming years. As the pandemic progresses, it promotes reflection and summaries of the consequences of behaviors or omissions in each country. One of them is a synthetic presentation of ten lessons from the pandemic (Gorynia, 2021), which the professor accurately diagnoses in the economic context: 1) the pandemic as a non-economic (sanitary-medical) shock that caused the economic, social and political crisis; 2) the pandemic as a "black swan", an unpredictable threat of high species gravity, but requiring anticipation to minimize its harmful effects in the future; 3) determining the causes of the appearance of the virus determines different preventive actions for future threats; 4) resilience as the foundation of long-term economic efficiency; 5) the set of measures to counteract the harmful effects of a pandemic should not be unified but adapted to the specificity of the facilities it is to affect; 6) the world economy as a system of vessels connected with its positive and negative consequences; 7) the pandemic highlighted the role of coordination of international cooperation; the shortcomings of globalization must be overcome by fairly sharing the positive fruits of international cooperation and resilience aimed at diversifying supplies; 8) economic policy pursued by individual states with a view to preventing the effects of the economic crisis caused by a pandemic cannot be voluntary; 9) the pandemic has sharpened the perception of the shortcomings of contemporary economic, social and political systems and prompts the questioning of certain pillars of the market economy (e.g., homo oeconomicus, individual and global rationality, private and state property, canons of monetary, fiscal, budgetary or industrial policy); 10) the pandemic increases the pressure on systemic and holistic thinking taking into account green economic development, saving energy, water and other resources, using renewable energy sources, avoiding wastage of resources, paying attention to social inequalities in the world, regions and countries, solving poverty problems, and social exclusion. This monograph is partially a response to the in-depth issues covered in these lessons. The authors of individual chapters challenge contemporary topics relating to ​​the COVID-19 pandemic, industry and inter-organizational cooperation, pro-environmental, resilient, and innovative organizations. The monograph consists of three parts. The first part (PART 1) covers an overview of very recent research, considering the impact of COVID-19 on the economy, industries, and business. The article by Anna Ujwara-Gil and Bianka Godlewska-Dzioboń deals with, among others, the issues relating to pandemic impacts on the slowdown in the functioning of the construction, electric automotive, and water industries. Also, it affects the tourist industry, where countries are starting to pay attention to the resource-saving green economy and problems of professional exclusion in the pandemic era. In another article, Maria Czech refers to the influence of public debt on the volatility of spreads during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is part of the study on the use of sovereign credit default swap spreads to assess a country's credit risk, which may be distorted in a pandemic period. It is undisputed that the COVID-19 pandemic has a global dimension. The crisis resulting from disorders such as in value chains has caused industry to slow down. The Czech luxury fashion industry is no exception. As Radka MacGregor Pelikánová points out, COVID-19 has turned out to be a threat to its development.. Leading Czech luxury fashion companies withdrew to a passive role and felt the negative consequences of the pandemic. As the Author points out, few have engaged in corporate social responsibility and showed ingenuity, which increases their chances of survival in the future. In other studies, Tereza Horáková and Kateřina Maršíková identified factors influencing the environment of effective knowledge exchange in SMEs, which in the era of hybrid work during COVID-19, is particularly important. The second part of the monograph (PART 2) includes two studies on the photovoltaic cell industry in China from the perspective of comparative and intra-industry advantage. As a significant player in the global trade scene and various value chains, China is a fascinating subject of research undertaken by Paweł Brusilo and Bogusława Drelich-Skulska. The results of the first article demonstrate the success of the Chinese industry in terms of growth potential, competitiveness, and development opportunities thanks to effective state support and favorable market forces. As the authors point out, the Chinese solar cell industry has not been studied so far in the context of comparative advantage and the new structural economy. The results show the way for other countries to consider or develop innovative industries, such as renewable energy and solar energy. In the second article, Paweł Brusilo examines the topic of the Belt and Road Initiative in the context of the Chinese photovoltaic cell industry, energy transition policy, identification of modern intra-industry trade patterns and opportunities for this industry, which is characterized by significant state interventionism. The considerations in this article may inspire EU countries to deepen economic and trade cooperation in the export and import of solar cells with China. On the other hand, Joanna Kurowska-Pysz has undertaken the analysis of the cooperation conditions within the innovative processes of representatives of science, business, the legislative, and economic environment cooperating on the capital market. The Author focused on the motivators, barriers, but also the search for an effective form of development of intersectoral cooperation enabling the exchange of knowledge and experience, learning, including the flow of personnel between sectors, joint organization of conferences, seminars, training, and implementation of research projects constituting the basis of innovative processes, or the diagnosis of network relationships. The model proposed by the Author will surely inspire other researchers. The third part of the monograph (PART 3) includes articles referring, inter alia, to the pro-environmental organizational culture of enterprises. Katarzyna Piwowar-Sulej, as an advocate of this valuable orientation today, has shown that organizations are interested in developing pro-ecological behavior and are aware of their impact on the natural environment. The article is in line with the global trend focused on the sustainable, ecological, and green economy enterprises operating in this trend, not only because of COVID-19. Taking action to develop a pro-ecological organizational culture, taking care of the natural environment is not only a moral and ethical requirement but also an obligation for the future generation. This part also includes an article by Piotr Tomszys and Bartosz Grucza, who present an inspiring model of organizational resilience and an attempt to operationalize it. The organizational resilience model proposed by the Authors is in line with the growing interest in the analyzes and measurement of the enterprises' resilience. The conceptualization and measurement of economic resilience can inspire other researchers to further research in this area. The COVID-19 pandemic, as an unpredictable and destructive shock, might be a unique opportunity to verify the developed model, as the authors point out. The last article deals with the issue of innovative management and its measurement based on a proprietary tool developed by Magdalena Gorzelany-Dziadkowiec. The considerations undertaken by the Author are a reliable starting point for further research concerning the impact of COVID-19 on the organization's functioning, the development of innovative management, changes in work processes, and interpersonal relations in the era of increasingly dominant digital technology and skills to use it. The editors profoundly thank all the Authors for their valuable contribution to this monograph and cooperation in its co-creation. We address our grateful thanks to all the Reviewers for their insightful evaluation and high standards of their work. These special thanks go to (in alphabetical order) Barbara Błaszczyk Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences; Justyna Bugaj, Jagiellonian University; Anna Fornalczyk, COMPER Fornalczyk and Wspólnicy; Marta Gancarczyk, Jagiellonian University; Anna Maria Lis, Gdańsk University of Technology; Andrzej Lis, Nicolaus Copernicus University; Mieczysław Morawski, Warsaw University of Technology; Paweł Pisany, Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences; Natalia R. Potoczek, Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences. We also thank Paweł Japoł for his thorough proofreading of this monograph.

Development of World Trade in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Development of World Trade in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Author: Jakub Horák
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 189
Release: 2023-05-02
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3031272579

This book examines the development of world trade during the COVID-19 pandemic, also taking international trade between the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation into account as a case study. Using an advanced method of artificial neural networks, it evaluates a long time series and predicts the development of trade between the two countries. The book further analyzes the specifications of export items on both sides and the dependence of the Czech Republic on Russia in terms of raw materials, which is not sustainable. It discusses the need for a political and business consensus, as well as a long-term investment plan to address this issue. Finally, it sheds light on the Czech companies actively operating in Russia, especially in the engineering, automotive, energy, and food industry. The book predicts the future bilateral trade relations between the two countries and the expected decrease in the demand on the side of Russian customers. The book will appeal to students, scholars, and researchers of economics and finance in general, macro- and microeconomics, statistics, and trade analytics in particular, as well as professionals and international trade companies interested in a better understanding of world trade developments and the future trade scenarios between the Czech Republic and Russia.