This report focuses on Canada's experience with respect to the implementation of Article 6 of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which stipulates, among other things, that each contracting party shall develop national strategies, plans, or programs for conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The introduction reviews the nature of Canada's biodiversity, the importance of biodiversity to Canadians, the responsibility for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and the threats facing Canada's biodiversity. It then describes the background to the adoption of the Convention in Canada and the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy, and sets out some of the key challenges faced by Canada in its implementation of the Convention and its national strategy. These are discussed in the areas of science and information for decision making, training and education, legislation and incentives, integration of biodiversity considerations into decision making, and monitoring progress. The final section reviews Canada's experience in international co-operation on biodiversity projects. The annex contains an inventory of initiatives which illustrate the degree to which biodiversity conservation and sustainable use is being incorporated into policies, plans, and programs at the local, regional, and national levels.