The Determination Of Ionization Constants
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| Author | : Adrien Albert |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 223 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9400955480 |
This practical manual is devised for organic chemists and biochemists who, in the course of their researches and without previous experience, need to determine an ionization constant. We are gratified that earlier editions were much used for this purpose and that they also proved adequate for the in service training of technicians and technical officers to provide a Department with a pK service. The features of previous editions that gave this wide appeal have been retained, but the subject matter has been revised, extended, and brought up to date. We present two new chapters, one of which describes the determination of the stability constants of the complexes which organic ligands form with metal cations. The other describes the use of more recently introduced techniques for the determination of ionization constants, such as Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermometric titrations, and paper electro phoresis. Chapter 1 gives enhanced help in choosing between alternative methods for determining ionization constants. The two chapters on potentiometric methods have been extensively revised in the light of newer understanding of electrode processes and of the present state of the art in instrumen tation.
| Author | : D. Perrin |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 154 |
| Release | : 2013-06-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9400958838 |
Many chemists and biochemists require to know the ionization constants of organic acids and bases. This is evident from the Science Citation Index which lists The Determination of Ionization Constants by A. Albert and E. P. Serjeant (1971) as one of the most widely quoted books in the chemical literature. Although, ultimately, there is no satisfactory alternative to experimental measurement, it is not always convenient or practicable to make the necessary measure ments and calculations. Moreover, the massive pK. compilations currently available provide values for only a small fraction of known or possible acids or bases. For example, the compilations listed in Section 1. 3 give pK. data for some 6 000--8 000 acids, whereas if the conservative estimate is made that there are one hundred different substituent groups available to substitute in the benzene ring of benzoic acid, approximately five million tri-substituted benzoic acids are theoretically possible. Thus we have long felt that it is useful to consider methods by which a pK. value might be predicted as an interim value to within several tenths of a pH unit using arguments based on linear free energy relationships, by analogy, by extrapolation, by interpolation from existing data, or in some other way. This degree of precision may be adequate for many purposes such as the recording of spectra of pure species (as anion, neutral molecule or cation), for selection of conditions favourable to solvent extraction, and for the interpretation of pH-profiles for organic reactions.
| Author | : Paul Flowers |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2019-02-14 |
| Genre | : Chemistry |
| ISBN | : 9781947172623 |
Chemistry 2e is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the two-semester general chemistry course. The textbook provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of chemistry and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. The book also includes a number of innovative features, including interactive exercises and real-world applications, designed to enhance student learning. The second edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations, while maintaining the same organization as the first edition. Substantial improvements have been made in the figures, illustrations, and example exercises that support the text narrative. Changes made in Chemistry 2e are described in the preface to help instructors transition to the second edition.
| Author | : Adrien Albert |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 130 |
| Release | : 1971 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Robert K. Scopes |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 342 |
| Release | : 2013-04-17 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1475719574 |
New textbooks at alllevels of chemistry appear with great regularity. Some fields like basic biochemistry, organic reaction mechanisms, and chemical thermodynamics are weil represented by many excellent texts, and new or revised editions are published sufficiently often to keep up with progress in research. However, some areas of chemistry, especially many of those taught at the graduate level, suffer from a reallack ofup-to-date textbooks. The most serious needs occur in fields that are rapidly changing. Textbooks in these subjects usually have to be written by scientists actually involved in the research which is advancing the field. lt is not often easy to persuade such individuals to settime aside to help spread the knowledge they have accumu lated. Our goal, in this series, is to pinpoint areas of chemistry where recent progress has outpaced what is covered in any available textbooks, and then seek out and persuade experts in these fields to produce relatively concise but instructive introductions to their fields. These should serve the needs of one semester or one quarter graduate courses in chemistry and biochemistry. In some cases the availability of texts in active research areas should help stimulate the creation of new courses. NewYork CHARLES R. CANTOR Preface to the Second Edition The original plan for the first edition of this book was to title it Enzyme Purification: Princip/es and Practice.
| Author | : John Ettore Ricci |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 497 |
| Release | : 2015-12-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1400876109 |
In a highly original approach the author presents a general and systematic treatment of relations involving the hydrogen ion concentration of aqueous solutions. Mathematical exactness is developed as far as possible without dependence upon particular theories of ionization. Originally published in 1952. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
| Author | : D. Perrin |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 138 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9400958749 |
This book is intended as a practical manual for chemists, biologists and others whose work requires the use of pH or metal-ion buffers. Much information on buffers is scattered throughout the literature and it has been our endeavour to select data and instructions likely to be helpful in the choice of suitable buffer substances and for the preparation of appropriate solutions. For details of pH measurement and the preparation of standard acid and alkali solutions the reader is referred to a companion volume, A. Albert and E. P. Serjeant's The Determination of Ionization Constants (1971). Although the aims of the book are essentially practical, it also deals in some detail with those theoretical aspects considered most helpful to an understanding of buffer applications. We have cast our net widely to include pH buffers for particular purposes and for measurements in non-aqueous and mixed solvent systems. In recent years there has been a significant expansion in the range of available buffers, particularly for biological studies, largely in conse quence of the development of many zwiUerionic buffers by Good et al. (1966). These are described in Chapter 3.
| Author | : Alan Talevi |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 1209 |
| Release | : 2022-06-14 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3030848604 |
The ADME Encyclopedia covers pharmacokinetic phenomena (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion processes) and their relationship with the design of pharmaceutical carriers and the success of drug therapies. It covers both basic and advanced knowledge, serving as introductory material for students of biomedical careers and also as reference, updated material for graduates and professionals working in any field related to pharmaceutical sciences (medicine, pharmaceutical technology, materials science, medicinal chemistry). Structured as alphabetically ordered entries with cross-references, the Encyclopedia not only provides basic knowledge on ADME processes, but also detailed entries on some advanced subjects such as drug transporters, last generation pharmaceutical carriers, pharmacogenomics, personalized medicine, bioequivalence studies, biowaivers, biopharmaceuticals, gene delivery, pharmacometrics, pharmacokinetic drug interactions or in silico and in vitro assessment of ADME properties
| Author | : Ernö Pretsch |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 325 |
| Release | : 2013-06-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3662224550 |
Although numerical data are, in principle, universal, the compilations presented in this book are extensively annotated and interleaved with text. This translation of the second German edition has been prepared to facilitate the use of this work, with all its valuable detail, by the large community of English-speaking scientists. Translation has also provided an opportunity to correct and revise the text, and to update the nomenclature. Fortunately, spectroscopic data and their relationship with structure do not change much with time so one can predict that this book will, for a long period of time, continue to be very useful to organic chemists involved in the identification of organic compounds or the elucidation of their structure. Klaus Biemann Cambridge, MA, April 1983 Preface to the First German Edition Making use of the information provided by various spectroscopic tech niques has become a matter of routine for the analytically oriented organic chemist. Those who have graduated recently received extensive training in these techniques as part of the curriculum while their older colleagues learned to use these methods by necessity. One can, therefore, assume that chemists are well versed in the proper choice of the methods suitable for the solution of a particular problem and to translate the experimental data into structural information.
| Author | : E. A. Braude |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 825 |
| Release | : 2013-10-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1483275728 |
Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods, Volume 1 focuses on the processes, methodologies, principles, and approaches involved in the determination of organic structures by physical methods, including infrared light absorption, thermodynamic properties, Raman spectra, and kinetics. The selection first elaborates on the phase properties of small molecules, equilibrium and dynamic properties of large molecules, and optical rotation. Discussions focus on simple acyclic compounds, carbohydrates, steroids, diffusion, viscosity, osmotic pressure, sedimentation velocity, melting and boiling points, and molar volume. The book then examines ultraviolet and visible light absorption, infrared light absorption, Raman spectra, and the theory of magnetic susceptibility. Concerns cover applications to the study of organic compounds, applications to the determination of structure, determination of thermodynamic properties, and experimental methods and evaluation of data. The text ponders on wave-mechanical theory, reaction kinetics, and dissociation constants, including dissociation of molecular addition compounds, principles of reaction kinetics, and valence-bond treatment of aromatic systems. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in the determination of organic structures by physical methods.
