The Density and Structure of Ice Formed by Accretion

The Density and Structure of Ice Formed by Accretion
Author: W. C. Macklin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 82
Release: 1960
Genre: Hail
ISBN:

Studies were made of ice formed by accretion over a wide range of controlled conditions to ascertain the influence of the wind speed, ambient temperature, droplet diameter and liquid water concentration in the supercooled cloud, and the siz of the accreting object. It is shown that these parameters determine the time of freezing and impact momentum of the supercooled droplets, and thereby also the density and structure of the deposits. Application is made to the growth of hail. (Author).

Climatic Chamber Tests of a Surface Ice Accretion Measurement System

Climatic Chamber Tests of a Surface Ice Accretion Measurement System
Author: Paul Tattelman
Publisher:
Total Pages: 56
Release: 1979
Genre: Detectors
ISBN:

Climatic chamber tests of an off-the-shelf ice detection system manufactured by Rosemount Engineering Company were conducted to evaluate its capability to determine ice amounts measured on cylinders. One-hour tests were run for a variety of windspeeds, temperatures, and icing conditions. Some longer duration tests, up to 17 hours, were also performed. Analysis of the data indicates that the Rosemount system is highly correlated with the mass of ice measured on the cylinders when the data are divided into freezing rain and rime icing events. The Rosemount system is also highly correlated with ice thickness, but without the pronounced dependence upon the type of icing. In the light of positive test results, a method is proposed for utilizing the Rosemount system for observing ice accretion at the earth's surface. (Author).

Ice and Construction

Ice and Construction
Author: L. Makkonen
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 79
Release: 2004-03-01
Genre: Architecture
ISBN: 0203627261

This book focuses on two areas of ice technology: the use of ice as a construction material and the problems caused by ice to constructions. In connection with describing past and potential future applications of using ice in construction, a detailed discussion on the mechanical properties of ice is given. A state of the art description on ice-making methods, melt protection, methods and reinforcement of ice with the materials are covered.

Handbook of Numerical Simulation of In-Flight Icing

Handbook of Numerical Simulation of In-Flight Icing
Author: Wagdi George Habashi
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 1278
Release: 2024-01-12
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3031338456

This Handbook of Numerical Simulation of In-Flight Icing covers an array of methodologies and technologies on numerical simulation of in-flight icing and its applications. Comprised of contributions from internationally recognized experts from the Americas, Asia, and the EU, this authoritative, self-contained reference includes best practices and specification data spanning the gamut of simulation tools available internationally that can be used to speed up the certification of aircraft and make them safer to fly into known icing. The collection features nine sections concentrating on aircraft, rotorcraft, jet engines, UAVs; ice protection systems, including hot-air, electrothermal, and others; sensors and probes, CFD in the aid of testing, flight simulators, and certification process acceleration methods. Incorporating perspectives from academia, commercial, government R&D, the book is ideal for a range of engineers and scientists concerned with in-flight icing applications.

Estimated Glaze Ice and Wind Loads at the Earth's Surface for the Contiguous United States

Estimated Glaze Ice and Wind Loads at the Earth's Surface for the Contiguous United States
Author: Paul Tattelman
Publisher:
Total Pages: 40
Release: 1973
Genre: Climate
ISBN:

MIL-STD-210A, 'Climatic Extremes for Military Equipment', is being revised. The revision will include two sets of windspeed design goals for military equipment being developed for worldwide usage over land: (1) the speed up to which 'operations' are expected to proceed, (2) the speed that equipment should 'withstand' without irreversible damage. A study of gustiness and variations of wind with height during strong wind regimes is presented. Nomograms of gust factor versus gust duration and steady windspeed are used to assign the most dynamically effective gust according to equipment dimensions. Based on a power-law relationship, factors for adjusting windspeed to a common height to describe windspeed and gusts over the vertical extent of military equipment usage are presented. Also included is a tabulation of wind statistics for selected stations considered in the search for worldwide wind extremes.