The Covid 19 Pandemic Could Increase Child Labour In Latin America And The Caribbean
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| Author | : Ana López Castelló |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Currently the world is going through an unprecedented health, social, human and economic crisis due to the pandemic caused by the disease COVID-19. Even though in the current health crisis derived from COVID-19, the frequency of infection and mortality in the child population are lower than in other age groups, children are being affected by the socioeconomic impacts and, in some cases, by mitigation measures that may inadvertently cause more harm than benefit. The pandemic will exacerbate existing vulnerabilities, including an increased risk of child marriage1, child labour, and teenage pregnancy. According to ILO estimates (2017), the percentage of children and adolescents between 5 and 17 years-old in child labour in Latin America and the Caribbean fell from 10.8% in 2008 to 7.3% in 2016, which is equivalent to a decrease of 3.7 million people in this situation. Despite this good news, there are still around 10.5 million children and adolescents in child labour, and the current situation has the potential to reverse this positive trend, placing the region at risk of not being able to reach Target 8.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as it relates to “ending child labour in all its forms by 2025”.
| Author | : Weltbankgruppe |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2021 |
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The sanitary and economic shocks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic brought about the most significant disruption in the history of the education sector in Latin America and the Caribbean region, leading to school closures at all levels and affecting over 170 million students throughout the region. Despite the tremendous efforts made by countries to mitigate the lack of in-person education through remote learning, education is taking a serious hit and outcomes are plummeting in the region. Learning poverty by the end of primary education could increase by more than 20 percent. Over 2 in 3 lower secondary education students could fall below minimum proficiency levels, and learning losses will be substantially larger for the most disadvantaged students. There is no time to lose. All countries must act now to make sure schools are ready to reopen safely and effectively country-wide so as to speed up the recovery process from the dramatic effects of the pandemic. They can leverage many emerging lessons and evidence, and must protect public funding for education, to enable this reopening process. While education systems face a challenge like no other, this exceptionally difficult situation also opens a window of opportunity to build back better their education systems to become more effective, equitable and resilient.
| Author | : Joana Silva |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 327 |
| Release | : 2021-10-08 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1464816913 |
A region known for its volatility, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has suffered severe economic and social setbacks from crises—including the COVID-19 pandemic. These crises have taken their toll on careers, wage growth, and productivity. Employment in Crisis: The Path to Better Jobs in a Post-COVID-19 Latin America provides new evidence on the effects of crises on the region’s workers and firms and suggests several policy responses that can bolster long-term and inclusive economic growth. This report has three key findings. First, crises lead to persistent employment losses and accelerate structural changes away from the formal sector. This change occurs more through reductions in the creation of formal jobs than through job destruction. Second, some workers recover from crises, while others are permanently scarred by them. Low-skilled workers can suffer up to a decade of lower earnings caused by crises, while high-skilled workers rebound fast, exacerbating the LAC region’s high level of inequality. Formal workers suffer smaller employment and wage losses in localities with higher rates of informality. And the reduced job flows caused by crises decrease welfare, but workers in localities with more job opportunities, whether formal or informal, bounce back better. Third, crises’ cleansing effects can increase efficiency and productivity, but these effects are dampened by the LAC region’s less competitive market structure. Rather than becoming more agile and productive during economic downturns, protected sectors and firms gain market share and crowd out others, trapping valuable resources. This report proposes a three-pronged mix of policies to improve the LAC region’s responses to crises: •Create a more stable macroeconomic environment to smooth the impacts of crises, including automatic stabilizers such as unemployment insurance and short-term compensation programs; •Increase the capacity of social protection and labor programs to respond to crises and coalesce these programs into systems that complement income support with reemployment assistance and reskilling opportunities; and •Tackle structural issues, including the lack of product market competition and the spatial dimension behind poor labor market adjustment—a “good jobs and good firms†? agenda.
| Author | : Mariana Viollaz |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2022 |
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We study the labor supply impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by gender in four Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries: Brazil, Chile, Dominican Republic, and Mexico. To identify the impact, we compare labor market stocks and labor market flows over four quarters for a set of balanced panel samples of comparable workers before and after the pandemic. We find that the pandemic has negatively affected the labor market status of both men and women, but that the effect is significantly stronger for women, magnifying the already large gender gaps that characterize LAC countries. The main channel through which this stronger impact is taking place is the increase in child care work affecting women with school-age children.
| Author | : Joana Silva |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 156 |
| Release | : 2021-09-30 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9781464816727 |
This book estimates how crises change labor market flows, assesses how these changes affect people, and discusses the key policy responses.
| Author | : United Nations Publications |
| Publisher | : UN |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2021-07-29 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 9789211220698 |
This publication examines the social impact of an unprecedented crisis. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have spread to all areas of human life, altering the way we interact, crippling economies and bringing about profound changes in societies. The pandemic has highlighted and exacerbated the major structural gaps in the region, and it is clear that the costs of inequality have become unsustainable and that it is necessary to rebuild with equality and sustainability, aiming for the creation of a true welfare state, long overdue in the region.
| Author | : NU. CEPAL. |
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The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) have predicted that the social and economic effects of the ongoing pandemic will have a significant impact on the well-being of families with children and adolescents in Latin America and the Caribbean.Even before the COVID-19 crisis, children and adolescents were already a highly vulnerable population group, suffering a higher incidence of poverty than other age groups and affected by numerous inequalities in various dimensions. Not only does the current emergency threaten families with the loss of their livelihoods and a drop in their incomes, children and adolescents also face significant barriers in securing access to health care --including vaccination schemes-- and to education. Thus, they are also at a higher risk of falling behind or dropping out of school, as well as at risk from food insecurity and threats of violence or physical punishment. It is therefore urgent to invest in children and to ensure their development in a context characterized by adversities old and new.
| Author | : P. Orazem |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 233 |
| Release | : 2009-03-30 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0230620108 |
This book examines the facts concerning child labour in Latin America, how it varies over time; across countries; and in comparison to other areas of the world. It aims to improve the understanding of root causes and consequences of persistent child labour and to contribute to the policy debate.
| Author | : Claudio Castillo |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
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Executive summary .-- Introduction .-- I. The COVID-19 pandemic in the region: the prolongation of the health crisis and its multidimensional impact .-- II. The multidimensional impact of the pandemic on the overall well-being of children in Latin America and the Caribbean .-- III. Recommendations to make progress towards child-sensitive social protection policies and reverse the impact of the pandemic.
| Author | : |
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| Release | : 2021 |
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In 2020, the Latin American and Caribbean region faced the worst crisis on historical record and the sharpest economic contraction (-7.7% and -20%, respectively, in GDP and investment growth for 2020) within the developing world. The available data also show that the contraction of investment relative to that of GDP was greater in Latin America and the Caribbean than in other developing regions. The pandemic has magnified the structural and institutional gaps of Latin America and the Caribbean.4 The crisis has severely impacted productive structures, resulting in the closure of more than 2.7 million firms, and the labour market, as the number of jobless persons has escalated to 44.1 million. Significant firm closures and employment losses, jointly with the fact that the more vulnerable segments of the population have borne the brunt of the crisis, have pushed up poverty levels from 185.5 to 209 million people (from 30.3% to 33.7% of the total population). Meanwhile, extreme poverty will increase by 8 million, to 78 million people. Also, the sharp contraction of investment will constrain future capital accumulation and the capacity of the region's economies to generate growth and employment. The region's economic and social development is likely to be set back for at least a decade. By the end of 2020, the level of per capita GDP was equal to that of 2010.
