The Costs And Benefits Of Price Stability
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| Author | : Martin Feldstein |
| Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
| Total Pages | : 374 |
| Release | : 2007-12-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0226241769 |
In recent years, the Federal Reserve and central banks worldwide have enjoyed remarkable success in their battle against inflation. The challenge now confronting the Fed and its counterparts is how to proceed in this newly benign economic environment: Should monetary policy seek to maintain a rate of low-level inflation or eliminate inflation altogether in an effort to attain full price stability? In a seminal article published in 1997, Martin Feldstein developed a framework for calculating the gains in economic welfare that might result from a move from a low level of inflation to full price stability. The present volume extends that analysis, focusing on the likely costs and benefits of achieving price stability not only in the United States, but in Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom as well. The results show that even small changes in already low inflation rates can have a substantial impact on the economic performance of different countries, and that variations in national tax rules can affect the level of gain from disinflation.
| Author | : Martin S. Feldstein |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 55 |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : Deflation (Finance) |
| ISBN | : |
"This paper evaluates the welfare gain from achieving price stability and compares it to the cost of the transition. In calculating the gain from price stability, the paper emphasizes the distortions caused by the interaction of inflation and capital income taxes. Because inflation exacerbates the tax distortions that would exist even with price stability, the annual deadweight loss of a two percent inflation rate is a surprisingly large one percent of GDP. Since the real gain from shifting to price stability grows in perpetuity at the rate of growth of GDP, its present value is a substantial multiple of this annual gain. Discounting the annual gains at the rate that investors require for risky equity investments (i.e., at the 5.1 percent real net-of-tax rate of return on the Standard and Poors portfolio of equities from 1970 to 1994) implies a present value gain equal to more than 35 percent of the initial level of GDP. Since the estimated cost of shifting from two percent inflation to price stability is about five percent of GDP, the gain substantially outweighs the cost of transition"--NBER website.
| Author | : Christina D. Romer |
| Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
| Total Pages | : 434 |
| Release | : 2007-12-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0226724832 |
While there is ample evidence that high inflation is harmful, little is known about how best to reduce inflation or how far it should be reduced. In this volume, sixteen distinguished economists analyze the appropriateness of low inflation as a goal for monetary policy and discuss possible strategies for reducing inflation. Section I discusses the consequences of inflation. These papers analyze inflation's impact on the tax system, labor market flexibility, equilibrium unemployment, and the public's sense of well-being. Section II considers the obstacles facing central bankers in achieving low inflation. These papers study the precision of estimates of equilibrium unemployment, the sources of the high inflation of the 1970s, and the use of non-traditional indicators in policy formation. The papers in section III consider how institutions can be designed to promote successful monetary policy, and the importance of institutions to the performance of policy in the United States, Germany, and other countries. This timely volume should be read by anyone who studies or conducts monetary policy.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 18 |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : Budget deficits |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Martin Feldstein |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 55 |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Mr.Lars E. O. Svensson |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 76 |
| Release | : 2016-01-11 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498314783 |
“Leaning against the wind” (LAW) with a higher monetary policy interest rate may have benefits in terms of lower real debt growth and associated lower probability of a financial crisis but has costs in terms of higher unemployment and lower inflation, importantly including a higher cost of a crisis when the economy is weaker. For existing empirical estimates, costs exceed benefits by a substantial margin, even if monetary policy is nonneutral and permanently affects real debt. Somewhat surprisingly, less effective macroprudential policy and generally a credit boom, with resulting higher probability, severity, or duration of a crisis, increases costs of LAW more than benefits, thus further strengthening the strong case against LAW.
| Author | : Cass R. Sunstein |
| Publisher | : American Bar Association |
| Total Pages | : 220 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9781590310540 |
This book discusses the current topic of Federal Government regulations increasingly assessed by asking whether the benefits of the regulation justifies the cost of the regulation.
| Author | : Michael D. Bordo |
| Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
| Total Pages | : 545 |
| Release | : 2013-06-28 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0226066959 |
Controlling inflation is among the most important objectives of economic policy. By maintaining price stability, policy makers are able to reduce uncertainty, improve price-monitoring mechanisms, and facilitate more efficient planning and allocation of resources, thereby raising productivity. This volume focuses on understanding the causes of the Great Inflation of the 1970s and ’80s, which saw rising inflation in many nations, and which propelled interest rates across the developing world into the double digits. In the decades since, the immediate cause of the period’s rise in inflation has been the subject of considerable debate. Among the areas of contention are the role of monetary policy in driving inflation and the implications this had both for policy design and for evaluating the performance of those who set the policy. Here, contributors map monetary policy from the 1960s to the present, shedding light on the ways in which the lessons of the Great Inflation were absorbed and applied to today’s global and increasingly complex economic environment.
| Author | : Martin Stuart FELDSTEIN |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Hasan Bakhshi |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1998 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
In a previous attempt to articulate the costs of inflation (Leigh-Pemberton (1992)), the Bank of England outlined the following costs of a fully-anticipated inflation: - the cost of economising on real money balances -- so-called shoe-leather' effects; - the costs of operating a less-than-perfectly indexed tax system; - the costs of front-end loading' of nominal debt contracts; - the cost of constantly revising price lists -- so called menu costs' Feldstein (1996) quantified the first two of these costs when moving from 2% inflation to price stability in the U.S. Feldstein concluded that the permanent welfare gains through these two channels -- suitably discounted -- alone exceeded the transient costs of doing so. This paper aims to replicate Feldstein's analysis for the U.K. Welfare effects are quantified using deadweight loss analysis familiar from public finance economics. Because inflation exacerbates tax distortions that exist even without inflation, the welfare costs are trapezoids rather than the usual triangles, or, alternatively, first-order rather than second-order losses. We find that the welfare gains from moving to price stability through the two channels identified above are lower in.
