The Contribution Of Skilled Immigration And International Graduate Students To Us Innovation
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| Author | : Gnanaraj Chellaraj |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 35 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 0505151251 |
Abstract: The impact of international students and skilled immigration in the United States on innovative activity is estimated using a model of idea generation. In the main specification a system of three equations is estimated, where dependent variables are total patent applications, patents awarded to U.S. universities, and patents awarded to other U.S. entities, each scaled by the domestic labor force. Results indicate that both international graduate students and skilled immigrants have a significant and positive impact on future patent applications, as well as on future patents awarded to university and nonuniversity institutions. The central estimates suggest that a 10 percent increase in the number of foreign graduate students would raise patent applications by 4.7 percent, university patent grants by 5.3 percent, and nonuniversity patent grants by 6.7 percent. Thus, reductions in foreign graduate students from visa restrictions could significantly reduce U.S. innovative activity. Increases in skilled immigration also have a positive, but smaller, impact on patenting.
| Author | : Gnanaraj Chellaraj |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The impact of international students and skilled immigration in the United States on innovative activity is estimated using a model of idea generation. In the main specification a system of three equations is estimated, where dependent variables are total patent applications, patents awarded to U.S. universities, and patents awarded to other U.S. entities, each scaled by the domestic labor force. Results indicate that both international graduate students and skilled immigrants have a significant and positive impact on future patent applications, as well as on future patents awarded to university and nonuniversity institutions. The central estimates suggest that a 10 percent increase in the number of foreign graduate students would raise patent applications by 4.7 percent, university patent grants by 5.3 percent, and nonuniversity patent grants by 6.7 percent. Thus, reductions in foreign graduate students from visa restrictions could significantly reduce U.S. innovative activity. Increases in skilled immigration also have a positive, but smaller, impact on patenting.
| Author | : Ina Ganguli |
| Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
| Total Pages | : 248 |
| Release | : 2020-02-19 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 022669562X |
The number of immigrants in the US science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and among recipients of advanced STEM degrees at US universities has increased in recent decades. In light of the current public debate about immigration, there is a need for evidence on the economic impacts of immigrants on the STEM workforce and on innovation. Using new data and state-of-the-art empirical methods, this volume examines various aspects of the relationships between immigration, innovation, and entrepreneurship, including the effects of changes in the number of immigrants and their skill composition on the rate of innovation; the relationship between high-skilled immigration and entrepreneurship; and the differences between immigrant and native entrepreneurs. It presents new evidence on the postgraduation migration patterns of STEM doctoral recipients, in particular the likelihood these graduates will return to their home country. This volume also examines the role of the US higher education system and of US visa policy in attracting foreign students for graduate study and retaining them after graduation.
| Author | : World Intellectual Property Organization |
| Publisher | : WIPO |
| Total Pages | : 26 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : |
High-skilled immigrants are a very important component of U.S. innovation and entrepreneurship. Studies regarding the impact of immigrants on natives tend to find limited consequences in the short-run, while the results in the long-run are more varied and much less certain. Immigrants in the United States aid business and technology exchanges with their home countries, but the overall effect that the migration has on the home country remains unclear. Little is known about return migration of workers engaged in innovation and entrepreneurship, except that it is rapidly growing in importance.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 196 |
| Release | : 2005-10-12 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 0309096138 |
Policy Implications of International Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Scholars in the United States explores the role and impact of students and scholars on US educational institutions and the US economy. The nation has drawn increasingly on human resources abroad for its science and engineering workforce. However, competition for talent has grown as other countries have expanded their research infrastructure and created more opportunities for international students. The report discusses trends in international student enrollments, stay rates, and examines the impact of visa policies on international mobility of the highly skilled.
| Author | : Gregory K. Dow |
| Publisher | : University of Toronto Press |
| Total Pages | : 313 |
| Release | : 2010-01-01 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0802097022 |
B. Curtis Eaton is one of Canada's leading microeconomists. As an applied economic theorist, Eaton has contributed greatly to industrial organization literature and has also worked in labour economics, economic geography, and organizational theory. The essays in this volume, by former students and present and former colleagues, call attention to the path-breaking work of Professor Eaton. The first two chapters provide a short overview of Eaton's research contributions and argue that his work laid the foundation for important research programs across the country. The remaining chapters, including an unpublished paper by Eaton himself, consist of original work that can be divided into the three broad categories of industrial organization and spatial competition, trade and productivity, and social interaction. Not only a collection of laudatory essays, Industrial Organization, Trade, and Social Interaction presents cutting edge research by leading scholars.
| Author | : Mary M. Atwater |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 1629 |
| Release | : 2022-06-30 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3030831221 |
This handbook gathers in one volume the major research and scholarship related to multicultural science education that has developed since the field was named and established by Atwater in 1993. Culture is defined in this handbook as an integrated pattern of shared values, beliefs, languages, worldviews, behaviors, artifacts, knowledge, and social and political relationships of a group of people in a particular place or time that the people use to understand or make meaning of their world, each other, and other groups of people and to transmit these to succeeding generations. The research studies include both different kinds of qualitative and quantitative studies. The chapters in this volume reflect differing ideas about culture and its impact on science learning and teaching in different K-14 contexts and policy issues. Research findings about groups that are underrepresented in STEM in the United States, and in other countries related to language issues and indigenous knowledge are included in this volume.
| Author | : Philippe Legrain |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 391 |
| Release | : 2014-11-28 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1400865417 |
Immigration divides our globalizing world like no other issue. We are swamped by illegal immigrants and infiltrated by terrorists, our jobs stolen, our welfare system abused, our way of life destroyed--or so we are told. At a time when National Guard units are deployed alongside vigilante Minutemen on the U.S.-Mexico border, where the death toll in the past decade now exceeds 9/11's, Philippe Legrain has written the first book about immigration that looks beyond the headlines. Why are ever-rising numbers of people from poor countries arriving in the United States, Europe, and Australia? Can we keep them out? Should we even be trying? Combining compelling firsthand reporting from around the world, incisive socioeconomic analysis, and a broad understanding of what's at stake politically and culturally, Immigrants is a passionate but lucid book. In our open world, more people will inevitably move across borders, Legrain says--and we should generally welcome them. They do the jobs we can't or won't do--and their diversity enriches us all. Left and Right, free marketeers and campaigners for global justice, enlightened patriots--all should rally behind the cause of freer migration, because They need Us and We need Them.
| Author | : Andreas Pyka |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 365 |
| Release | : 2016-07-15 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1317429028 |
Migration is conceived differently in Europe compared with countries like the US, Canada or Australia. International Innovation Networks and Knowledge Migration confronts traditional views on migration with modern theories of brain circulation and innovation networks, showing that migration leads to mutual benefits for both the home and host countries This new volume brings together several case studies and empirical in-depth analyses which are constructed from the strong migration relationship between Turkey and Germany that has existed for more than 50 years. Bringing together over 20 international contributors, this book highlights that knowledge migration and cultural diversity can strongly stimulate entrepreneurial activities, competence acquisition and economic development of countries and regions. The authors highlight the considerable scope for improvement of European migration policies in order to be better prepared to successfully process structural changes stemming from an aging society in Europe, and an increasing international division of labour. This volume is suitable for those who study industrial economics, international economics and European economics. It is also of interest to those who want to delve deeper into the Turkish-German migration nexus.
| Author | : Krishna Bista |
| Publisher | : OJED/STAR |
| Total Pages | : 230 |
| Release | : 2019-08-10 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : |
The Journal of International Students (JIS), an academic, interdisciplinary, and peer-reviewed publication (Print ISSN 2162-3104 & Online ISSN 2166-3750), publishes scholarly peer reviewed articles on international students in tertiary education, secondary education, and other educational settings that make significant contributions to research, policy, and practice in the internationalization of higher education. visit: www.ojed.org/jis EDITORIAL Focusing on International Graduate Students Shyam Sharma RESEARCH ARTICLES The Price of Being International Career Outcomes of International Master's Recipients in U.S. Labor Market Xiushan Jiang, Dongbin Kim 732-757 Motivations for Studying Abroad and Immigration Intentions: The Case of Vietnamese Students Tran Le Huu Nghia 758-776 Social Capital and the U.S. College Experiences of International Student-Athletes and Non-Athletes Helen Forbes-Mewett, Madeleine Pape 777-794 Satisfiers and Dissatisfiers for International Vocational Education Students: A Case Study Using Narrative Frames Jonathon Ryan, Michael Rabbidge, Yi Wang, Jenny Field 795-814 Jeitinho as a Coping Strategy Used by Brazilian International Students for Acculturative Stress Silvia Alves Nishioka, Defne Akol 815-833 Exploring Oral English Learning Motivation in Chinese International Students with Low Oral English Proficiency Deyu Xing, Benjamin Bolden 834-855 Understanding Ostracism from Attachment Perspective: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model Ning Hou, Jinyan Fan, James Tan, Melissa Stuhlman, Cong Liu, Gustavo Valdez 856-872 Examining the Correlation between American Students’ Cultural Intelligence, Political Affiliations, and Their Social Distances from Their International Peers Sami B Mejri 873-895 Familiarity as a Family Close Friendships Between Malaysian Students and their Co-National Friends in the UK Nur Hafeeza Ahmad Pazil 896-911 RESEARCH IN BRIEF Mentoring and Supervising International Students in School Counseling Programs Bridget Asempapa 912-928 BOOK REVIEWS International Students in First-Year Writing A Journey Through Socio-Academic Space Anthony Schmidt 929-932
