Minority Representation and the Quest for Voting Equality

Minority Representation and the Quest for Voting Equality
Author: Bernard Grofman
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 192
Release: 1992
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780521477642

With the passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965, the right of minorities to register and vote was largely secured. It was soon discovered, however, that minority voting did not guarantee the election of minorities or minority-preferred candidates. Indeed, efforts by states and localities in the second half of the 1960s were aimed at denying any substantial minority representation to go along with the ability to cast ballots. Eventually congressional amendments to the Act along with the Supreme Court opinion in Thornburg v. Gingles (1986) have led to efforts to eliminate electoral laws that have the effect of diluting the minority vote, whether or not they were enacted with discriminatory intent. Controversy still surrounds the matter of minority representation, however, because of the ambiguity of certain aspects of the law and because of problems in applying it to the largely single-member district context of the 1990s. This book is the most up-to-date treatment of voting rights law and the numerous controversies surrounding minority representation. The authors have extensive, firsthand experience in both the legal battles and the scholarly examination of these issues. Based on this wealth of experience, they describe the development of the law after 1965, discuss in detail the prevailing Supreme Court interpretation of the Voting Rights Act, and examine discrepancies in federal court interpretations of subsequent actions. They also introduce the reader to technical procedures for establishing standards of representation and measuring discrimination. In the final two chapters, they consider the application of voting rights law to districting in the 1990s along with the implications of recent developments for the future of representation in America.

The Congressional Black Caucus in the 103rd Congress

The Congressional Black Caucus in the 103rd Congress
Author: David A. Bositis
Publisher: University Press of America
Total Pages: 210
Release: 1994
Genre: Political Science
ISBN:

The single most comprehensive source of hard information available on African-American members of Congress today, The Congressional Black Caucus in the 103rd Congress provides a detailed analysis of the remarkable recent changes, both quantitative and qualitative, that have occurred in the wake of the landmark 1992 elections. Comprehensive statistics and other reference data cover the campaign finances and roll call voting behavior of all 40 current members of the Congressional Black Caucus, as well as detailed demographic and electoral portraits of their home districts. The book examines how Caucus members divide and cluster in their voting patterns and according to region, gender, and seniority. It also reviews highlights of the first session of the 103rd Congress in which these Congressmen and women played a significant role, whether individually, as Caucus members, as part of the Democratic Caucus, or on the House floor. The analysis concludes with a look at the Congressional Black Caucus' future, including the impact of the Supreme Court's Shaw v. Reno decision, and of the 1994 elections. Co-published with the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies.

When the Letter Betrays the Spirit

When the Letter Betrays the Spirit
Author: Tyson King-Meadows
Publisher: Lexington Books
Total Pages: 374
Release: 2011-09-16
Genre: History
ISBN: 0739149121

Drawing from government data, legislative history, Supreme Court decisions, survey results, and the 2006 reauthorization debate, When the Letter Betrays the Spirit examines how executive and judicial discretion facilitates violations of the Voting Rights act. Connecting Johnso...

The Congressional Black Caucus

The Congressional Black Caucus
Author: Robert Singh
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Incorporated
Total Pages: 260
Release: 1998
Genre: Political Science
ISBN:

The Congressional Black Caucus has grown both in size and in prominence in its short lifetime. Robert Singh considers the actual impact of the CBC on public policy in this new volume for the Contemporary American Politics series. Singh argues that while the CBC forcefully articulates the concerns of African Americans, it has not only proven an ineffective interest lobby for their issues, but has become increasingly irrelevant as a labor union for its own members. Drawing on extensive data, The Congressional Black Caucus provides the first coherent and balanced overview of both the electoral and institutional forces, which together shape the CBCÆs fortunes. The Congressional Black Caucus will be of considerable interest to scholars and students in the areas of legislative process, race and politics, public policy, and political sociology.

The Voting Rights Act

The Voting Rights Act
Author: Richard M. Valelly
Publisher: CQ Press
Total Pages: 408
Release: 2006
Genre: Education
ISBN:

Examines the Voting Rights Act which was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson in 1965, and describes the events leading up to it, the evolution of voting rights in the U.S., disenfranchisement of African Americans after Reconstruction, and the impact of this legislation.

The Congressional Black Caucus

The Congressional Black Caucus
Author: Sherice Janaye Nelson
Publisher: Archway Publishing
Total Pages: 148
Release: 2021-12-03
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 166571428X

The Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) is the first racial caucus established in the Western world. The CBC was founded in 1971 after the historic Civil Rights Act of 1965 and the 1970 Census; both of which allowed voting districts to be redrawn—especially in the South where Blacks were denied constitutional rights. This burden and opportunity to speak of, advocate for, and legislate around the disparities in the lives of Blacks as citizens of the United States was, and continues to be the mission of the Caucus. CBC members understand that they are descriptive representatives as well as symbolic representatives charged with producing substantive legislation. They are a symbol of full Black citizenship; their individual elections, the creation, and the sustained legislative power of the Caucus symbolizes the collapse of dual sovereignty. A symbol many are bound to defecate with the inflation of states rights that will in-turn nullify the elections of many Black legislators. The author reviews the legislative accomplishments, the legislative influence, and global impact the Congressional Black Caucus has made since its founding by focusing on how it has used legislative activism to improve the lives of the oppressed and forgotten. The work asserts that a racialized government structure has made the work done by the CBC appear as one step forward and two steps backward. Therefore, a historical review and subsequent analysis is imperative to truly understand how a racialized structure established obstacles the original thirteen members had to face, while understanding how those current obstacles hinder the CBC members of today.

Voting Rights Act

Voting Rights Act
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on the Constitution
Publisher:
Total Pages: 1468
Release: 2006
Genre: Election districts
ISBN:

Just Permanent Interests

Just Permanent Interests
Author: William L. Clay
Publisher: Harper Paperbacks
Total Pages: 432
Release: 2000-02-11
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9781567430417

From the Reconstruction of the 1870s to the Presidential politics of the 1980s, Representative Clay looks at African-American politicians and chronicles the founding of the Congressional Black Caucus, its high points and its low moments. b/w photographic insert.

Twists of Fate

Twists of Fate
Author: Vanessa C. Tyson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 209
Release: 2016-08-01
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0190630868

Members of Congress from racial minority groups often find themselves in a unique predicament. For one thing, they tend to represent constituencies that are more economically disadvantaged than those of their white colleagues. Moreover, they themselves experience marginalization during the process of policy formulation on Capitol Hill. In Twists of Fate, Vanessa C. Tyson illuminates the experiences of racial minority members of the House of Representatives as they endeavor to provide much-needed resources for their districts. In doing so, she devises a framework for understanding the federal legislative behavior of House members representing marginalized communities. She points to the unique ways in which they conceive of political influence as well as the strategies they have adopted for success. Black, Hispanic, and Asian Pacific American Caucuses, among other minority groups, have built cross-racial coalitions that reflect their linked political fate. This strategy differs considerably from competitive approaches often espoused at the local level and from the more atomized interactions of representatives at the federal level of the policy process. Tyson draws on years of personal experience observing and interacting with members of the House of Representatives in session, in their home districts, at functions sponsored by racial minority caucuses, and at White House events to illustrate her argument. Despite variation of experience and ideology within and amongst racial minority groups, she shows that representatives of minority coalitions have repeatedly and successfully worked together as they advocate for equality and social justice. She also points to a willingness among these coalitions to champion a non-discrimination agenda that extends beyond "traditional" issues of race and ethnicity to issues of class, gender and orientation. Twists of Fate provides a compelling model for understanding how diverse groups can work together to forge hopeful political futures.