The Cinchona Barks
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| Author | : Matthew James Crawford |
| Publisher | : University of Pittsburgh Press |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2016-05-12 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780822944522 |
In the eighteenth century, malaria was a prevalent and deadly disease, and the only effective treatment was found in the Andean forests of Spanish America: a medicinal bark harvested from cinchona trees that would later give rise to the antimalarial drug quinine. In 1751, the Spanish Crown asserted control over the production and distribution of this medicament by establishing a royal reserve of “fever trees” in Quito. Through this pilot project, the Crown pursued a new vision of imperialism informed by science and invigorated through commerce. But ultimately this project failed, much like the broader imperial reforms that it represented. Drawing on extensive archival research, Matthew Crawford explains why, showing how indigenous healers, laborers, merchants, colonial officials, and creole elites contested European science and thwarted imperial reform by asserting their authority to speak for the natural world. The Andean Wonder Drug uses the story of cinchona bark to demonstrate how the imperial politics of knowledge in the Spanish Atlantic ultimately undermined efforts to transform European science into a tool of empire.
| Author | : Rohan Deb Roy |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 349 |
| Release | : 2017-09-14 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 1107172365 |
This book examines how and why British imperial rule shaped scientific knowledge about malaria and its cures in nineteenth-century India. This title is also available as Open Access.
| Author | : Mark Honigsbaum |
| Publisher | : Macmillan |
| Total Pages | : 356 |
| Release | : 2003-05 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 9780312421809 |
Literally Italian for "bad air," malaria once plagued Rome, tropical trade routes and colonial ventures into India and South America and the disease has no known antidote aside from the therapeutic effects of the "miraculous" quinine. This first book from journalist Honigsbaum is a rousing history of the search for febrifuge or, more specifically, the rare red cinchona tree, the bark from which quinine is derived.
| Author | : Stefanie Gänger |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 255 |
| Release | : 2020-10-15 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 110884216X |
Innovative exploration of how medical knowledge was shared between and across diverse societies tied to the Atlantic World around 1800.
| Author | : George King |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 100 |
| Release | : 1876 |
| Genre | : Botany |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Saul Jarcho |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 384 |
| Release | : 1993 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
The history of cinchona has traditionally begun with the romantic - and now discredited - story of Francisca Henriquez Ribera, the Countess of Chinchon. According to legend, the Countess became seriously ill during an outbreak of fever in Lima around 1623. Her husband, the Viceroy, learning of a medicinal tree bark used by the local Indians, ordered the bark tested and administered to his wife. Following her prompt recovery, the Countess championed the use of bark among the general populace, and thousands of lives were saved. The drug became known as pulvis Comitissae, the powder of the Countess, and later - misspelled by Linnaeus - as cinchona. In Quinine's Predecessor Saul Jarcho unravels a tangle of myth, hearsay, and fact to establish the definitive history of cinchona bark - the still-important source of modern quinine. Jarcho explains the discovery of the healing property of the substance, also known as Peruvian bark or Jesuits' bark, and traces the routes by which it was transmitted from South America to Spain and other countries. He recounts the controversy and resistance surrounding its acceptance by medical practitioners. And he offers the most complete account to date of the important work of Francesco Torti, who used the bark successfully in treating cerebral and other especially dangerous malarial infections.
| Author | : Bharat Singh |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 1562 |
| Release | : 2020-03-06 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3527825584 |
Covers the structurally diverse secondary metabolites of medicinal plants, including their ethnopharmacological properties, biological activity, and production strategies Secondary metabolites of plants are a treasure trove of novel compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications. Consequently, the nature of these metabolites as well as strategies for the targeted expression and/or purification is of high interest. Regarding their biological and pharmacological activity and ethnopharmacological properties, this book offers a comprehensive treatment of 100 plant species, including Abutilon, Aloe, Cannabis, Capsicum, Jasminum, Malva, Phyllanthus, Stellaria, Thymus, Vitis, Zingiber, and more. It also discusses the cell culture conditions and various strategies used for enhancing the production of targeted metabolites in plant cell cultures. Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants: Ethnopharmacological Properties, Biological Activity and Production Strategies is presented in four parts. Part I provides a complete introduction to the subject. Part II looks at the ethnomedicinal and pharmacological properties, chemical structures, and culture conditions of secondary metabolites. The third part examines the many strategies of secondary metabolites production, including: biotransformation; culture conditions; feeding of precursors; genetic transformation; immobilization; and oxygenation. The last section concludes with an overview of everything learned. -Provides information on cell culture conditions and targeted extraction of secondary metabolites confirmed by relevant literature -Presents the structures of secondary metabolites of 100 plant species together with their biological and pharmacological activity -Discusses plant species regarding their distribution, habitat, and ethnopharmacalogical properties -Presents strategies of secondary metabolites production, such as organ culture, pH, elicitation, hairy root cultures, light, and mutagenesis Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants is an important book for students, professionals, and biotechnologists interested in the biological and pharmacological activity and ethnopharmacological properties of plants.
| Author | : William Charles Evans |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Health Sciences |
| Total Pages | : 3322 |
| Release | : 2009-05-27 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9780702041891 |
This encyclopedic reference work on pharmacognosy covers the study of those natural substances, principally plants, that find a use in medicine. Its popularity and longevity stem from the book's balance between classical (crude and powdered drugs' characterization and examination) and modern (phytochemistry and pharmacology) aspects of this branch of science, as well as the editor's recognition in recent years of the growing importance of complementary medicines, including herbal, homeopathic and aromatherapy. No other book provides such a wealth of detail. A reservoir of knowledge in a field where there is a resurgence of interest - plants as a source of drugs are of growing interest both in complementary medicine fields and in the pharmaceutical industry in their search for new 'lead compounds'. Dr Evans has been associated with the book for over 20 years and is a recognised authority in all parts of the world where pharmacognosy is studied, his knowledge and grasp of the subject matter is unique. Meticulously referenced and kept up to date by the editor, new contributors brought in to cover new areas. New chapter on 'Neuroceuticals'. Addition of many new compounds recently added to British Pharmacopoeia as a result of European harmonisation. Considers development in legal control and standardisation of plant materials previously regarded as 'herbal medicines'. More on the study of safety and efficacy of Chinese and Asian drugs. Quality control issues updated in line with latest guidelines (BP 2007).
| Author | : Derek G. Waller |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Health Sciences |
| Total Pages | : 741 |
| Release | : 2013-08-07 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0702055034 |
This book covers all the pharmacology you need, from basic science pharmacology and pathophysiology, through to clinical pharmacology to therapeutics, in line with the integrated approach of new medical curricula. The first section covers the basic principles, and the rest is organised by body systems. The book ends with sections on toxicity and prescribing practice. Integrates basic science pharmacology, clinical pharmacology and therapeutics Brief review of pathophysiology of major diseases Case histories and multiple choice questions (and answers) Tabular presentation of all common drugs within each class Section on further reading Kinetics chapter simplified with more practical examples Includes more on genetic issues Drug tables made more concise to make information more accessible Fully updated to reflect current clinical practice
| Author | : Friedrich August Flückiger |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 128 |
| Release | : 1884 |
| Genre | : Cinchona |
| ISBN | : |
