The Churches And Ethnic Ideology In The Rwandan Crises 1900 1994
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| Author | : Tharcisse Gatwa |
| Publisher | : Wipf and Stock Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 313 |
| Release | : 2008-09-01 |
| Genre | : Religion |
| ISBN | : 1597528234 |
To many observers, Rwanda was a colony of the White Fathers. That Roman Catholic religious order, created in Algiers in 1868 by Cardinal Lavigerie, evangelized the country from 1900 onwards, effectively becoming the state church. To maintain its domination, the Roman Catholic Church's hierarchy supported the theory of the so-called hamite supremacy by selecting, educating, and establishing an elite among one of the three Rwandan social groups, the Batutsi, who were given the monopoly of power. Frustrations and recriminations that resulted from this injustice and its accompanying exclusion of other groups from power, led to the bloodshed of the uprisings of the 1959 revolution that preceded independence in 1962. Then, in 1959, the Roman Catholic Church abandoned the Batutsi in favour of the Bahutu majority. From 1973 to 1994, both Catholic and Protestant leaders entered into close political relations with the regime of the MRND (Mouvement RŽvolutionnaire National pour le DŽveloppement), which alienated them from the people of Rwanda when human rights abuses were widespread, culminating in the war in 1990 and the genocide of 1994. If the church's mission remains that of teaching and evidencing love, justice and righteousness (Micah 6:8), there is the need for it to recover its credibility so that it can play its part in the healing and reconciliation of the country, and this can only be done through its confession and repentance of it failures and complicity in the tragedies.
| Author | : Philippe Denis |
| Publisher | : Boydell & Brewer |
| Total Pages | : 359 |
| Release | : 2022 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 1847012906 |
Pioneering study of the role of the Christian churches in the Rwandan genocide of the Tutsi; a key work for historians, memory studies scholars, religion scholars and Africanists.
| Author | : Mahmood Mamdani |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 390 |
| Release | : 2020-01-28 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 0691192340 |
An incisive look at the causes and consequences of the Rwandan genocide "When we captured Kigali, we thought we would face criminals in the state; instead, we faced a criminal population." So a political commissar in the Rwanda Patriotic Front reflected after the 1994 massacre of as many as one million Tutsis in Rwanda. Underlying his statement was the realization that, though ordered by a minority of state functionaries, the slaughter was performed by hundreds of thousands of ordinary citizens, including judges, doctors, priests, and friends. Rejecting easy explanations of the Rwandan genocide as a mysterious evil force that was bizarrely unleashed, When Victims Become Killers situates the tragedy in its proper context. Mahmood Mamdani coaxes to the surface the historical, geographical, and political forces that made it possible for so many Hutus to turn so brutally on their neighbors. In so doing, Mamdani usefully broadens understandings of citizenship and political identity in postcolonial Africa and provides a direction for preventing similar future tragedies.
| Author | : Joel Kubwimana |
| Publisher | : Wipf and Stock Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 142 |
| Release | : 2021-08-12 |
| Genre | : Religion |
| ISBN | : 1666703168 |
In this book, I analyze why Bishop Aloys Bigirumwami prioritizes the use of the native language and the value of primal religions in spreading the gospel. According to Bigirumwami, the gospel should be taught in the native language, because it is the people’s heart language. On the other hand, when the message is spoken in non-native languages, the gospel may spread but it does not reach the hearts of the people. As for the primal religions (tradition religions), for Bigirumwami they are part of what Jesus came to fulfill rather than abolish. In Rwanda, Western missionaries neglected the Rwandan primal religions by demonizing them, and the result was that the gospel was not planted in the good soil; the reason why the genocide against the Tutsi was executed in 1994 in a country where 91 percent of its population were Christians. A part of exploring the Christian mission history in Rwanda, this book points out the need to continue where Bigirumwami and others of his time left off in their effort of inculturation of the Christian faith in Rwanda and Africa in general.
| Author | : Jean-Marc Dreyfus |
| Publisher | : Manchester University Press |
| Total Pages | : 269 |
| Release | : 2016-05-16 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1847799728 |
This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. This book outlines for the first time in a single volume the theoretical and methodological tools for a study of human remains resulting from episodes of mass violence and genocide. Despite the highly innovative and contemporary research into both mass violence and the body, the most significant consequence of conflict - the corpse - remains absent from the scope of existing research. Why have human remains hitherto remained absent from our investigation, and how do historians, anthropologists and legal scholars, including specialists in criminology and political science, confront these difficult issues? By drawing on international case studies including genocides in Rwanda, the Khmer Rouge, Argentina, Russia and the context of post-World War II Europe, this ground-breaking edited collection opens new avenues of research. Multidisciplinary in scope, this volume will appeal to readers interested in an understanding of mass violence's aftermath, including researchers in history, anthropology, sociology, law, politics and modern warfare. The research program leading to this publication has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n° 283-617.
| Author | : Deborah Mayersen |
| Publisher | : Berghahn Books |
| Total Pages | : 260 |
| Release | : 2014-04-01 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1782382852 |
Why did the Armenian genocide erupt in Turkey in 1915, only seven years after the Armenian minority achieved civil equality for the first time in the history of the Ottoman Empire? How can we explain the Rwandan genocide occurring in 1994, after decades of relative peace and even cooperation between the Hutu majority and the Tutsi minority? Addressing the question of how the risk of genocide develops over time, On the Path to Genocide contributes to a better understand why genocide occurs when it does. It provides a comprehensive and comparative historical analysis of the factors that led to the 1915 Armenian genocide and the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, using fresh sources and perspectives that yield new insights into the history of the Armenian and Rwandan peoples. Finally, it also presents new research into constraints that inhibit genocide, and how they can be utilized to attempt the prevention of genocide in the future.
| Author | : André Gagné |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 186 |
| Release | : 2021-09-16 |
| Genre | : Religion |
| ISBN | : 1000409066 |
This book examines the connection between religion and violence in the Western traditions of the three Abrahamic faiths, from ancient to modern times. It addresses a gap in the scholarly debate on the nature of religious violence by bringing scholars that specialize in pre-modern religions and scriptural traditions into the same sphere of discussion as those specializing in contemporary manifestations of religious violence. Moving beyond the question of the “authenticity” of religious violence, this book brings together scholars from a variety of disciplines. Contributors explore the central role that religious texts have played in encouraging, as well as confronting, violence. The interdisciplinary conversation that takes place challenges assumptions that religious violence is a modern problem that can be fully understood without reference to religious scriptures, beliefs, or history. Each chapter focuses its analysis on a particular case study from a distinct historical period. Taken as a whole, these chapters attest to the persistent relationship between religion and violence that links the ancient and contemporary worlds. This is a dynamic collection of explorations into how religion and violence intersect. As such, it will be a key resource for any scholar of Religious Studies, Theology and Religion and Violence, as well as Christian, Jewish, and Islamic Studies.
| Author | : Christine Schliesser |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 162 |
| Release | : 2020-07-01 |
| Genre | : Religion |
| ISBN | : 1000167534 |
In this ground-breaking volume, the authors analyze the role of religion in conflict and conflict resolution. They do so from the perspectives of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, while bringing different disciplines into play, including peace and conflict studies, religious studies, theology, and ethics. With much of current academic, political, and public attention focusing on the conflictive dimensions of religion, this book also explores the constructive resources of religion for conflict resolution and reconciliation. Analyzing the specific contributions of religious actors in this field, their potentials and possible problems connected with them, this book sheds light on the concrete contours of the oftentimes vague “religious factor” in processes of social change. Case studies in current and former settings of violent conflict such as Israel, post-genocide Rwanda, and Pakistan provide “real-life” contexts for discussion. Combining cutting-edge research with case studies and concrete implications for academics, policy makers, and practitioners, this concise and easily accessible volume helps to build bridges between these oftentimes separated spheres of engagement. The Open Access version of this book, available at: http://doi.org/10.4324/9781003002888, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
| Author | : Jemima Atieno Oluoch |
| Publisher | : Uzima Publishing House |
| Total Pages | : 168 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Religion |
| ISBN | : 9781870345514 |
| Author | : David Mwambari |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 337 |
| Release | : 2023 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 0190942304 |
"A friend of mine asked me to accompany him to visit a young woman in her twenties named Kayitesi. At the time, in April 2007, Kayitesi lived in rural Kigali with two siblings. Kayitesi's parents and many of her relatives were killed during the genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi in Rwanda in 1994. The genocide took place in the central and eastern African country of Rwanda when radical Hutu youth militias and Hutu political elites targeted and killed the Tutsi for about three months, between April and July. The Hutus and some foreigners who protected the Tutsi or opposed the genocidal violence were also killed"--
