This study considers clay tobacco-pipe manufacture with specific reference to the industry in Bristol. As a background, the basic archaeological usefulness of clay pipes as a means to date sites is outlined, the introduction of tobacco to Europeans considered, and the various methods of tobacco-taking over the centuries examined. An extensive examination of clay-pipe manufacturing processes in France, The Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Great Britain and the US is made, along with a history of the pipe industry in most of these countries. The pipemaking industries in five centres; Liverpool, Chester, Glasgow, Montreal, and East London, are considered and related to the Bristol situation. Also considers production costs for clay pipes and wages earned by pipemakers. The origins, rise, decline, re-emergence, and final demise of the Bristol clay-pipe industry is examined in detail in the light of documentary and archaeological evidence. Trends are noted from the apprenticeship rolls, burgess books, poll-books, and trade directories and the interrelationships of the evidence are evaluated. Also considers the historical and socio-economic background of the ghetto of St. Jude's, a pipemaking area.