The Association Between The Amount Of Alcohol Consumed By A Female And The Level Of Blame Attributed To Her In A Hypothetical Date Rape Scenario
Download The Association Between The Amount Of Alcohol Consumed By A Female And The Level Of Blame Attributed To Her In A Hypothetical Date Rape Scenario full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free The Association Between The Amount Of Alcohol Consumed By A Female And The Level Of Blame Attributed To Her In A Hypothetical Date Rape Scenario ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
| Author | : Lirije Hyseni |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 150 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Background: Victims of sexual assault have been reported to blame themselves for the incident. They see themselves as having somehow contributed to the situation. Self-blame associated with a sexual assault is argued to be socially constructed, influenced by culture's perception of sexual crimes. A specific behaviour that appears to contribute to victim's self-blame is alcohol use during the sexual assault incident. Approximately half of sexual assaults are associated with alcohol consumption by one or both parties. Victims who consume alcohol during the incident are more likely to blame themselves for the event. Self-blame has been linked to a decreased likelihood of reporting a sexual assault to authorities, as victims predict that others will disapprove their behaviour and blame them for their victimization. Limited research has been conducted on attribution of blame to the female victims who have been under the influence of alcohol during the sexual assault incident. Objective: To examine the association between a female's level of intoxication and the level of blame attributed to her, and how this is modified by initiation and severity of the event, in a hypothetical date-rape scenario. Methods: Secondary data analyses of 1004 quantitative telephone surveys completed in Sweden by randomly selected young adults aged 16-24. Date-rape vignettes were used and male's and female's levels of intoxication, severity of the outcome and the person initiating the sexual contact (perpetrator or victim) were manipulated. The depended variable was the amount of blame assigned to the female in the hypothetical date-rape scenario. The attribution of blame to the female was analysed using factorial ANOVA in SAS. Results: For female respondents, the level of blame attributed to the female in the hypothetical date-rape scenario depended on a three-way interaction between the inebriation level, initiation, and severity, controlling for female respondents' living situation in the last 12 months, their frequency of drinking five or more drinks in the past 12 months, and their expectancy that 'alcohol makes people more sexual'. For male respondents, however, the level of blame attributed only depended on the severity of the situation, controlling for male respondents' mean number of standard drinks to feel the effects of alcohol and their attitude that 'alcohol lessons control'. Conclusion: The inebriation level of the female in the date-rape scenario has been illustrated to impact the amount of blame attributed to her, by female respondents. This has implications for reporting rates of sexual crimes, and thus should be addressed by future policies and programs.
| Author | : Amanda Tyson |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 222 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Acquaintance rape |
| ISBN | : |
The purpose of this study was to determine which attribution theory, Shaver's Defensive Attribution Theory (1970) or Jones and Davis' Theory of Correspondent Inference (1965); provides the best explanation for understanding how counselor trainees attribute blame in a date rape situation when alcohol has been consumed. Specifically assessed were attributions of blame, attitudes towards rape victims, and rape empathy among male and female counselor trainees for date rape when alcohol was involved. Shaver's theory states that an observer's perceived similarity to an actor will affect the observer's judgments of the actor. Jones' and Davis' theory suggests that judgments about an actor's behavior are affected by the perception that the actor is aware of the consequences of his or her behavior. The design of this study was a 2 (Participant Gender: Female/Male) x 2 (Victim's Consumption of Alcohol: Alcohol consumed/No Alcohol) x 2 (Perpetrator's Consumption of Alcohol: Alcohol consumed/No Alcohol) factorial with three dependent variables, attributions of blame for rape, attitudes toward rape victims, and rape empathy. Participants included 142 graduate students in clinical and counseling psychology masters and doctoral programs who received one of four scenarios that described a date rape that varied the alcohol consumption of the victim and perpetrator. Multivariate tests indicated a significant 3-way interaction for Gender by Victim Alcohol Condition by Perpetrator Alcohol Condition, F (3,132) = 3.47, p = .02, eta2 = .07. For the scenario where the victim consumed alcohol but the perpetrator did not, female participants had significantly more favorable attitudes toward the rape victim than did male participants, F (1,142) = 11.15, p & le; .01. It seems that perceived similarity to the rape victim had a positive impact on female participants' attitudes toward the rape victim. Furthermore, it seems that perceptions of a perpetrator's awareness of the consequences of consuming alcohol may have indirectly had a negative impact on male participants' attitudes toward the rape victim. As such, this interaction suggests that although there is some support for Shaver's and Jones' and Davis' theories, neither theory completely explains counselor trainees' attitudes toward the rape victim.
| Author | : Daniel C. Molden |
| Publisher | : Guilford Publications |
| Total Pages | : 273 |
| Release | : 2014-01-10 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 1462519296 |
How incidentally activated social representations affect subsequent thoughts and behaviors has long interested social psychologists. Recently, such priming effects have provoked debate and skepticism. Originally a special issue ofSocial Cognition, this book examines the theoretical challenges researchers must overcome to further advance priming studies and considers how these challenges can be met. The volume aims to reduce the confusion surrounding current discussions by more thoroughly considering the many phenomena in social psychology that the term ?priming? encompasses, and closely examining the psychological processes that explain when and how different types of priming effects occur.
| Author | : Westmarland, Nicole |
| Publisher | : Policy Press |
| Total Pages | : 250 |
| Release | : 2012-04-04 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1847426212 |
International Approaches to Rape gives an overview of rape law and policy in nine different countries, including the United States and Canada. Many governments have begun to take rape more seriously than in the past and have started to implement wide-ranging reforms; this book describes those reforms and assesses the degree to which they have been successful. Introducing readers to various national perspectives on rape, the contributors outline a comparative approach that highlights the similarities and differences between countries, contexts, laws, issues, policies, and interventions.
| Author | : Jennifer Temkin |
| Publisher | : Dartmouth Publishing Company |
| Total Pages | : 458 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : |
This work examines the ways in which the criminal justice system deals with rape and its after-effects in the victim (PTSD - post traumatic stress disorder). Considerable coverage is given to research findings in the United States, findings of the police themselves and other investigations.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 237 |
| Release | : 1996-06-07 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0309175836 |
Violence against women is one factor in the growing wave of alarm about violence in American society. High-profile cases such as the O.J. Simpson trial call attention to the thousands of lesser-known but no less tragic situations in which women's lives are shattered by beatings or sexual assault. The search for solutions has highlighted not only what we know about violence against women but also what we do not know. How can we achieve the best understanding of this problem and its complex ramifications? What research efforts will yield the greatest benefit? What are the questions that must be answered? Understanding Violence Against Women presents a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and identifies four areas with the greatest potential return from a research investment by increasing the understanding of and responding to domestic violence and rape: What interventions are designed to do, whom they are reaching, and how to reach the many victims who do not seek help. Factors that put people at risk of violence and that precipitate violence, including characteristics of offenders. The scope of domestic violence and sexual assault in America and its conequences to individuals, families, and society, including costs. How to structure the study of violence against women to yield more useful knowledge. Despite the news coverage and talk shows, the real fundamental nature of violence against women remains unexplored and often misunderstood. Understanding Violence Against Women provides direction for increasing knowledge that can help ameliorate this national problem.
| Author | : Marc A. LeBeau |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 338 |
| Release | : 2001-08-28 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0080504760 |
Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault educates readers on the ways in which drugs are used as weapons in committing sexual assaults and how to successfully investigate these crimes. It looks at the history of these crimes over the years, and includes an in-depth discussion of the drugs and drug classes in use today. It describes the effects of these drugs on the victims, the process for reporting these crimes, details on the type of person who uses drugs to sexually assault an individual, and obstacles to investigating the suspect. The authors show the proper techniques in collecting and analyzing evidence; ways to overcome some of the unique difficulties encountered in these types of investigations; and how to work with other professionals to prosecute these cases successfully. The concluding appendixes are valuable samples of the necessary forms needed to complete these investigations. This book is ideal for anyone involved in investigating these crimes, including forensic scientists, law enforcement officers, lawyers, toxicologists, and medical professionals. * Ideal for everyone involved in the investigation of these crimes, including forensic scientists, police officers, lawyers, toxicologists and medical professionals
| Author | : Margaret C. Harrell |
| Publisher | : Technical Report |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Family & Relationships |
| ISBN | : 9780833047922 |
Recognition of the problem of sexual assault, especially acquaintance rape, has increased dramatically since 1990. This compendium provides an overview of recent research on sexual assault and summarizes more than 450 individual studies of the topic, including research on its prevalence, victim and perpetrator risk factors, prevention, recovery and coping, and the responses of the health care, law enforcement, and criminal justice systems.
| Author | : Colleen A. Ward |
| Publisher | : SAGE |
| Total Pages | : 244 |
| Release | : 1995-06-22 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 9781446223154 |
This innovative book looks at popular perceptions of sexual violence and asks such key questions as: How is rape' defined? Who is responsible for sexual assault? How can rape be prevented? The author critically examines feminist and psychological theory and research on attitudes towards rape. Drawing on case studies, survey research, experiments, fieldwork and action-oriented research from Europe, North America and Asia, Ward combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to understanding sexual violence. She highlights the negative consequences for rape victims of biased and prejudicial perceptions of sexual violence, including those of legal, medical and helping professionals, and discusses the impact of these attitudes on victims' self-perceptions. The book concludes by suggesting strategies for changing ideas about sexual assault, including, for example, action-oriented research which is designed to raise consciousness and improve services for victims.
| Author | : Kai Pernanen |
| Publisher | : Guilford Press |
| Total Pages | : 279 |
| Release | : 1991-07-12 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 9780898621716 |
Despite enormous research and media interest in both the effects of alcohol consumption and the causes of violent behavior, little theoretically integrated empirical work has been published on the actual relationship between the two. Reporting on the most ambitious field study undertaken on naturally occurring anger and aggression--the first one to examine the specific contribution of alcohol consumption to different levels of everyday violence--this volume bridges a gap in the literature and provides illuminating new insights. The empirical data in ALCOHOL IN HUMAN VIOLENCE originate from a multimethod study of experiences of threats and physical violence among the general population of a Canadian city; analyses of all incoming reports of violent crime; and observations systematically carried out in local bars and taverns. The book combines quantitative analyses with qualitative reasoning to examine the processes that connect drinking and violence. Confounding conventional wisdom that assumes a straightforward cause-and-effect relationship, the book shows that there are a number of psychological and social variables that are as important as biochemical and neuropharmacological reactions. Examining these factors, abundant data is presented on the nature of violence--from pushing and slapping to the use of a weapon--and the extent of injury received when the victims are men, women, of different ages, in different locations, and in various relationships. Throughout, numerous anecdotal illustrations from the study and the news media highlight points of central theoretical concern.
