Mexico is a North American country situated between the United States to the north and Belize and Guatemala to the south. The country stretches over an area of 1,969,908 square kilometers, making it the 13th largest country globally by area. Mexico is also the 3rd most populous country in the Americas and the 11th most populous country globally. Mexico's population is estimated to be over 128 million people, and it is composed of various ethnic groups with different cultures and languages. The country has both rural and urban regions, with large cities such as Mexico City, Guadalajara, and Monterrey. Mexico's history dates back thousands of years, with different indigenous groups occupying land long before the arrival of the Spanish in 1521. After gaining independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico has experienced political instability and economic challenges. Despite these challenges, Mexico has a robust economy driven by tourism, petroleum, manufacturing, and agriculture. The country also has beautiful landscapes, including beaches, mountains, and deserts, making it a popular tourist destination. Mexico is known for its rich culture, including art, music, food, and festivals, which celebrate the diverse cultures within the country.