This study reports on one of the largest and best dated assemblages of clay pipes recovered from the site of Port Royal in Jamaica. Many of the pipes came from Bristol and date to the 17th century AD. Recovered during excavations at Port Royal between 1981 and 1990, many of the pipes came from sealed contexts and their distribution could be mapped in detail. Georgia Fox's study discusses her methodology and the excavations, and includes a large catalogue and typology and raises questions and issues which are of relevance on a much wider scale for the study of clay pipes in Northwest Europe in general.