TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE.. 4 Chapter I: Superstitions and Their Sources. 18 Chapter II: On the Use of Precious and Semi-Precious Stones as Talismans and Amulets. 46 Chapter III: On the Talismanic Use of Special Stones. 89 Chapter IV: On the Use of Engraved and Carved Gems as Talismans. 166 Chapter V: On Ominous and Luminous Stones. 202 Chapter VI: On Crystal Balls and Crystal Gazing. 242 Chapter VII: Religious Uses of Precious Stones, Pagan, Hebrew, and Christian. 310 Chapter VIII: On the High-Priest’s Breastplate. 379 Chapter IX: Birth-Stones. 422 Chapter X: Planetary and Astral Influences of Precious Stones. 471 Chapter XI: On the Therapeutic Use of Precious and Semi-Precious Stones. 519 Index. 552 ABOUT THE AUTHOR.. 609 PREFACE 1. Ruby: The Stone of Passion Rubies are one of the most coveted gemstones in the world, known for their striking red hue. The name "ruby" comes from the Latin word "ruber," meaning red. Rubies have been cherished for centuries, symbolizing passion, love, and power. In ancient times, they were believed to have the power to protect warriors in battle and bring good fortune. Today, rubies are still associated with love and are often used in engagement rings or jewelry that symbolizes deep affection. The rich red color of rubies is due to the presence of chromium. The intensity of the red varies depending on the amount of chromium present, with the most valuable rubies displaying a vibrant, deep red. Rubies rank 9 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making them one of the hardest and most durable gemstones, second only to diamonds. This durability makes rubies perfect for everyday wear, especially in rings or other jewelry that is frequently worn. In addition to their beauty, rubies are also believed to have various metaphysical properties. Many believe that rubies can stimulate the heart chakra, promoting feelings of love, passion, and vitality. It is also said that wearing rubies can boost confidence and energy, making them a popular choice for those seeking to enhance their personal power and assertiveness. 2. Sapphire: The Stone of Wisdom Sapphires are most commonly associated with a rich blue color, but they actually come in a wide range of colors, including pink, yellow, and green. The name "sapphire" comes from the Greek word "sappheiros," meaning blue. Sapphires have long been symbols of wisdom, truth, and nobility. In ancient cultures, they were believed to protect their wearers from envy and harm. Sapphires are often used in engagement rings and other meaningful jewelry, symbolizing loyalty and trust. The blue color of sapphires is caused by the presence of trace elements like iron and titanium. Like rubies, sapphires are also made of corundum, making them incredibly durable with a ranking of 9 on the Mohs scale. This hardness, combined with their beautiful colors, makes sapphires a popular choice for all types of jewelry. Some of the most famous sapphires in history have been worn by royalty, further cementing their status as a symbol of nobility. In addition to their physical beauty, sapphires are also believed to have healing and protective properties. Many people believe that wearing a sapphire can promote mental clarity, focus, and wisdom. Sapphires are also associated with the throat chakra, encouraging clear communication and the expression of one's truth. 3. Emerald: The Stone of Rebirth Emeralds are known for their vibrant green color, symbolizing rebirth, renewal, and growth. The name "emerald" comes from the Greek word "smaragdos," which means green gem. Throughout history, emeralds have been prized for their beauty and rarity, often associated with royalty and wealth. The ancient Egyptians believed that emeralds symbolized eternal life, and they were often buried with pharaohs to ensure a safe passage into the afterlife. The green color of emeralds comes from trace amounts of chromium or vanadium. Unlike sapphires and rubies, emeralds are relatively soft, ranking 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale. This makes them more prone to chipping and scratching, so they are often set in jewelry pieces that are less likely to be exposed to daily wear. Despite their relative softness, emeralds remain one of the most popular gemstones for high-end jewelry, particularly in rings and necklaces. Emeralds are also believed to have powerful metaphysical properties. Many people associate them with the heart chakra, believing that they can promote love, compassion, and emotional healing. It is said that wearing an emerald can bring harmony and balance to relationships, making them a popular choice for those seeking emotional growth and connection. 4. Diamond: The Stone of Invincibility Diamonds are perhaps the most famous gemstones in the world, known for their unparalleled brilliance and hardness. The name "diamond" comes from the Greek word "adamas," meaning invincible or unbreakable. Diamonds are formed deep within the Earth under extreme pressure and heat, which gives them their remarkable durability. With a hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale, diamonds are the hardest natural substance on Earth, making them perfect for everyday wear in rings and other jewelry. In addition to their physical strength, diamonds have long been associated with love, purity, and eternal commitment. This makes them the most popular choice for engagement rings. The tradition of giving a diamond engagement ring dates back to the 15th century, and it continues to be a symbol of enduring love and fidelity. The clarity and brilliance of a diamond are often seen as a reflection of the pure and unbreakable bond between two people. Diamonds are also believed to have strong metaphysical properties. Many people believe that diamonds can enhance the strength of the wearer, both physically and emotionally. They are thought to bring clarity of mind, increase focus, and inspire courage. Because of their powerful energy, diamonds are often used in meditation and healing practices to amplify intentions and promote spiritual growth. 5. Amethyst: The Stone of Sobriety Amethyst is a beautiful purple gemstone that has been treasured for centuries for both its beauty and its believed healing properties. The name "amethyst" comes from the Greek word "amethystos," which means not intoxicated, and the stone was believed to protect its wearer from drunkenness. In ancient Greece and Rome, amethyst cups were used to prevent intoxication, and the stone was often worn as an amulet to promote sobriety and clear-headedness. The purple color of amethyst is caused by the presence of iron and irradiation. Amethyst is a variety of quartz and ranks 7 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable for everyday wear. It is commonly used in all types of jewelry, from rings and earrings to pendants and bracelets. The deep purple color of amethyst has made it a favorite for royalty and clergy, symbolizing power, spirituality, and inner strength. Amethyst is also believed to have calming and protective properties. Many people associate it with the crown chakra, believing that it can enhance spiritual awareness and promote a sense of peace and tranquility. It is often used in meditation to clear the mind and reduce stress, making it a popular choice for those seeking balance and clarity in their lives.