Test No. 228: Determination of Developmental Toxicity of a Test Chemical to Dipteran Dung Flies(Scathophaga stercoraria L. (Scathophagidae), Musca autumnalis De Geer (Muscidae))

Test No. 228: Determination of Developmental Toxicity of a Test Chemical to Dipteran Dung Flies(Scathophaga stercoraria L. (Scathophagidae), Musca autumnalis De Geer (Muscidae))
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 16
Release: 2008-10-16
Genre:
ISBN: 9264067477

This Test Guideline describes a method to estimate the developmental toxicity of a test chemical to the dung dwelling life stages of dung-dependent dipteran species. Two test species can be used. The test chemical is mixed with bovine faeces, to ...

Endocrine Disrupters

Endocrine Disrupters
Author: Peter Matthiessen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 476
Release: 2013-02-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1118355954

Enables researchers to assess the effects of endocrine disrupters as well as comply with new environmental regulations Endocrine disrupters are chemicals both man-made and natural that interfere with the body's endocrine system, potentially resulting in adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune effects. In recent years, a number of regulatory authorities around the world have drafted or enacted legislation that requires the detection and assessment of the effects of endocrine disrupters on both humans and wildlife. In response, this book provides comprehensive, up-to-date information on the latest tested and proven methods used to detect and assess the environmental hazards posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Endocrine Disrupters is divided into chapters covering each major taxon as well as chapters dedicated to hazard assessment and regulation. The book covers testing methods for all the vertebrate groups and several invertebrate phyla, including: Crustaceans and mollusks Insects Fish Amphibians and reptiles Birds and mammals Moreover, the book emphasizes practical, ethical testing methods that combine sensitivity, efficiency, statistical power, and reasonable cost. Each chapter is written by one or more international experts in ecotoxicology, offering readers step-by-step guidance for implementing each method based on the latest research and the authors' firsthand laboratory experience. Furthermore, all the chapters have been subjected to a rigorous peer review and edited in light of the reviewers' comments. References at the end of each chapter guide readers to the literature in the field. Endocrine Disrupters is recommended for scientists who need to test chemicals for possible endocrine-disrupting properties. It is also recommended for regulatory authorities who need to decide whether particular chemicals can be safely marketed.

Nematodes as Environmental Indicators

Nematodes as Environmental Indicators
Author: Michael John Wilson
Publisher: CABI
Total Pages: 340
Release: 2009
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1845933850

Nematodes are the most wide spread multicellular animals in nature and analysis of nematodes in terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments as well as their role and function in ecosystems, can be used for environmental monitoring. Compared to other organisms, they offer the greatest potential as bioindicators and can be used to study gene expression in relation to environmental challenges, to monitor changing impacts on the environment and in laboratory ecotoxicity tests. This volume addresses classical and molecular approaches to nematode community analysis, the contemporary field of nematodes as biosensors, as well as genomic aspects of nematode bioindicators. In addition, the case studies stress the importance of these bioindicators and demonstrate the commercial potential of these technologies.

Engineering Tools for Environmental Risk Management

Engineering Tools for Environmental Risk Management
Author: Katalin Gruiz
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 579
Release: 2015-04-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1315778777

Chemical substances, physical agents and built structures exhibit various types of hazard due to their inherent toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, reprotoxic and sensitizing character or damaging to the immune and hormone system. The first steps in managing an environment contaminated by chemical substances are characterization of hazards and quantifi

Phenotypic Plasticity of Insects

Phenotypic Plasticity of Insects
Author: Douglas Whitman
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 914
Release: 2009
Genre: Nature
ISBN:

This book explores the profound importance of phenotypic plasticity as a central organizing theme for understanding biology. Chapters take a broad, integrative approach to explain how physical and biological environmental stimuli (temperature, photoperiod, nutrition, population density, predator presence, etc.), influence insect biochemical, physiological, learning, and developmental processes, altering phenotype, which then influences performance, ecology, life-history, survival, fitness, and subsequent evolution. Topics include endocrinology, development, body size, allometry, polyphenism, reproduction, reproductive and life-history tradeoffs, alternative mating and life-history strategies, density-dependent prophylaxis, physiological adaptation, acclimation, homeostasis, heat-shock proteins, learning, adaptive anti-predator behavior, and evolution of phenotypic plasticity.

OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2 Test No. 246: Bumblebee, Acute Contact Toxicity Test

OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2 Test No. 246: Bumblebee, Acute Contact Toxicity Test
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2017-10-09
Genre:
ISBN: 9789264284104

This Test Guideline describes a method to assess effects of a test chemical on the phagocytotic activity of activated sludge containing protozoan organisms under defined conditions in the presence of different concentrations of the test chemical. The principle of biological sewage-treatment ...

Environmental Hygiene

Environmental Hygiene
Author: Norbert H. Seemayer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 215
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642737668

Environmental pollution raises serious concern worldwide about effects on human health. Based on a recent meeting, this book focuses on diverse aspects of environmental hygiene, dealing with the evaluation of chemical and physical agents and their relevance to human health. To assess the toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of environmental pollutants, a variety of methodological approaches, both in vivo and in vitro, as tissue cultures, isolated organs and animal models, were developed and are described in detail. Data on human exposure, biological monitoring and epidemiological studies are also included. Problems of environmental control and legislation as well as possible provisional steps are discussed.