Techniques For Examining Drop Size Spectra In Water Sprays And Clouds
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Author | : F. W. Skidmore |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 60 |
Release | : 1979 |
Genre | : Drops |
ISBN | : 9780642897121 |
Qualitative comparisons have been made of water drop sampling methods for sprays and clouds, employing slides coated with oil, gelatin and soot. Oil-wetted and soot coated slides have been compared quantitatively when exposed in nominally identical water sprays simulating natural clouds. When compared with gelatin and oil-wetted slides, soot slides are more convenient to prepare, expose and analyse, and records are permanent. Within the inherent limitations of all spray sampling methods, drop size distributions and mean drop sizes given by the oil and soot methods are in substantial agreement, provided that known sources of error of the oil-wetted method are allowed for. Soot slides appear to be capable of detecting ice particles in clouds, quantitative calibrations relating ice impingement impressions to crystal si e are required.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 968 |
Release | : 1989 |
Genre | : Aeronautics |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Defense Documentation Center (U.S.) |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 1746 |
Release | : 1961-04 |
Genre | : Military art and science |
ISBN | : |
Author | : L. E. Welsh |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 510 |
Release | : 1986 |
Genre | : Buildings |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Frederick Charles Allard |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 37 |
Release | : 1969 |
Genre | : Cloud physics |
ISBN | : |
Various methods for sampling natural cloud droplets are reviewed with particular reference to their suitability for use on aircraft. For convenience the methods are divided into two categories: impaction sampling and optical sampling. The older methods, which are still in use, involve the impaction of water droplets on suitably prepared targets. Such targets may capture the droplets in an oil coating or many replicate the droplets by means of pits in a soot coating. The droplet spectrum may be determined by examining the targets of pits in a soot coating. The droplet spectrum may be determined by examining the targets under a microscope. Within the past decade and a half, optical methods have been developed to replace the impaction methods. These methods, notably those involving scattering or diffraction, allow large numbers of droplets to be sized in much less time than is possible with the impaction methods. (Author).
Author | : Bohdan Maksymiuk |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 16 |
Release | : 1964 |
Genre | : Aerial spraying and dusting in agriculture |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Bruce A. Kunkel |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 44 |
Release | : 1981 |
Genre | : A comparison was made between the drop size data obtained with a PMS FSSP-100 and a Calspan droplet sampler. Data were collected in simulated fogs in the Calspan environmental chamber and in natural fogs at the AFGL Weather Test Facility at Otis AFB, Massachusetts. Above 4 micrometers radius, the data from the two instruments agree quite well. Below 4 micrometers, however, the Calspan sampler shows a decrease in droplet count with decreasing radius whereas the FSSP shows an increase in count with decreasing radius. As a result, in natural fogs the Calspan sampler frequently shows a mode in the droplet concentration between 4 and 8 micrometers whereas the FSSP frequently shows no mode in droplet concentration existing within the drop size range of the instrument. In the simulated fogs, where the concentration of small particles was low, the modes agree very well. Since the droplets below 4 micrometers contribute little to the liquid water, there is excellent agreement in the distribution of liquid water with particle size for both simulated and natural fog. The extinction coefficients calculated from the FSSP drop size distribution are lower than the measured extinction coefficients in the lighter fogs but larger in the denser fogs |
ISBN | : |
A comparison was made between the drop size data obtained with a PMS FSSP-100 and a Calspan droplet sampler. Data were collected in simulated fogs in the Calspan environmental chamber and in natural fogs at the AFGL Weather Test Facility at Otis AFB, Massachusetts. Above 4 micrometers radius, the data from the two instruments agree quite well. Below 4 micrometers, however, the Calspan sampler shows a decrease in droplet count with decreasing radius whereas the FSSP shows an increase in count with decreasing radius. As a result, in natural fogs the Calspan sampler frequently shows a mode in the droplet concentration between 4 and 8 micrometers whereas the FSSP frequently shows no mode in droplet concentration existing within the drop size range of the instrument. In the simulated fogs, where the concentration of small particles was low, the modes agree very well. Since the droplets below 4 micrometers contribute little to the liquid water, there is excellent agreement in the distribution of liquid water with particle size for both simulated and natural fog. The extinction coefficients calculated from the FSSP drop size distribution are lower than the measured extinction coefficients in the lighter fogs but larger in the denser fogs.
Author | : Technology Reports Centre (Great Britain) |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 554 |
Release | : 1980 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : N. Golitzine |
Publisher | : National Aeronautical Establishment |
Total Pages | : 70 |
Release | : 1950 |
Genre | : Condensation (Meteorology) |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Eugene A. Sharkov |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 295 |
Release | : 2007-10-14 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3540298282 |
Eugene Sharkov, of the Space Research Institute in Moscow, has here put together the most comprehensive description of the physical findings of an investigation into the spatio-temporal characteristics of the gravity of breaking waves. He’s also described the foam activity in the open sea using methods and instruments of optical and microwave remote sensing. Numerous practical applications and illustrations are provided from air-borne, ship-borne and laboratory up-to-date experiments.