This volume shows how to develop new energy sources in ways that are less damaging to the environment than previous practices have been. Contributors to the compilation discuss how developing countries can: identify the most important environmental issues for their energy investments measure the costs and benefits, including environmental considerations, of sustainable energy development incorporate macroeconomic and institutional issues into energy planning. The editors highlight the institutional barriers to energy development planning that takes into consideration the environmental effects. They outline typical environmental impacts of renewable energy systems and provide an overview of applicable technologies. The report also discusses environmental policy in the production and consumption of oil and gas, with a review of pollution standards and control. And one section explores issues concerning greenhouse gases, such as how to apply controls fairly. These technical materials are a product of the program on energy policy and planning of the World Bank's Economic Development Institute. This volume will help policymakers and planners identify environmental issues in energy investments.