Target Tracking Via Marine Radar

Target Tracking Via Marine Radar
Author: Nishatha Nagarajan
Publisher:
Total Pages: 153
Release: 2012
Genre: Algorithms
ISBN:

The growing energy needs have eventually increased the development of wind turbines. The constructions of wind turbines have several potential impacts of which the most significant factor is the increasing bird mortality rates due to collision and habitat loss. Since then, radars have been deployed to study the behavior of birds towards wind turbines. Radars employ target tracking for identifying the targets (birds) accurately and efficiently. Several methods of tracking were developed to improve the tracking efficiency of the radars over the years. Most widely used tracking techniques are Kalman filter and particle filter. These filters use data with random errors and estimate accurate values for the current state of the system. Kalman filter is a linear estimator which does not depend on a set of past observations and hence efficient in real time applications. The particle filter also known as sequential Monte Carlo method is a nonlinear estimator which uses a set of particles with various weights for estimation. However, particle filters have high computation time. Kalman and particle filters were developed over the years creating various models for various types of systems. A block version of Compressive Matching Pursuit (CoSaMP) algorithm used in signal reconstruction called BCoSaMP was employed in tracking. It was seen to give a similar or better performance than particle filter with less computation time. The BCoSaMP algorithm with Kalman filter estimation was developed which reduces the mean square error as compared to other models in certain cases. This thesis focuses on developing tracker models in radR. Kalman filter tracking model based on linear data and Gaussian noise that operates over a variety of target motions and velocities is developed. Particle filter is designed for nonlinear target motion with non-Gaussian noise. BCoSaMP model that assumes data as sparse is applied for target tracking and a modified BCoSaMP which replaces least square estimation with Kalman filter estimation are also implemented. These models were tested with different data sets and a comparative analysis is performed. The algorithms are tested on simulated data and marine radar data in radR to compare the effects of the developed tracker models with the conventional methods in radR. The hybrid algorithm is shown to have better performance over the other models in the case of simulated track for some targets. Particle filter has the highest detection rate with marine radar data.

Radar and ARPA Manual

Radar and ARPA Manual
Author: A. G. Bole
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 431
Release: 2016-01-29
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 148310222X

Radar and ARPA Manual focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of electronic navigation. The manual first discusses basic radar principles, including principles of range and bearing measurements and picture orientation and presentation. The text then looks at the operational principles of radar systems. Function of units; aerial, receiver, and display principles; transmitter principles; and sitting of units on board ships are discussed. The book also describes target detection, Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA), and operational controls of radar systems, and then discusses radar plotting. Errors associated with the true-motion presentation; accuracy and errors of manual plotting; radar plotting aids; and regulations for preventing collisions at seas as applied to radar and ARPA are described. The book also underscores the accuracy and errors of ARPA. The test scenarios; errors generated in the radar installation; classification of ARPA error sources; and errors in displayed data and interpretation are explained. The manual is a good source of information for readers wanting to study electronic navigation.

Multiple Extended Target Tracking in Maritime Environment Using Marine Radar Data

Multiple Extended Target Tracking in Maritime Environment Using Marine Radar Data
Author: Jaya Shradha Fowdur
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre:
ISBN:

Target tracking is today one of the main pillars supporting applications for Maritime Traffic Situation Assessment and Monitoring ( MTSAM ). It provides information on the targets (vessels) obtained from the sensors within an observation region of interest, allowing the users (from the on board captain to the port authorities) to get a more complete knowledge on the current traffic situation. Such knowledge could contribute significantly to detect and avert potential collisions, and could help traffic analysis by studying long-term trajectories of vessels. As sensor technologies have improv...

Radar and ARPA Manual

Radar and ARPA Manual
Author: Alan G. Bole
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Total Pages: 552
Release: 2013-11-20
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0080977715

This fully revised new edition covers the complete radar/ARPA installation and serves as the most comprehensive and up-to-date reference on equipment and techniques for radar observers using older and newer systems alike. Suitable for use as a professional reference or as a training text, the book covers all aspects of radar, ARPA and integrated bridge systems technology (including AIS, ECDIS and GNSS) and their role in shipboard operations. It is a valuable resource for larger vessels and also covers the needs of leisure and amateur sailors for whom this technology is now accessible. Radar and ARPA Manual provides essential information for professional mariners, including those on training courses for electronic navigation systems and professional certificates internationally. Reference is made throughout to IMO (International Maritime Organization) Performance Standards, the role of radar in navigation and in collision avoidance, and to international professional and amateur marine operations qualifications. The most up-to-date book available, with comprehensive treatment of modern radar and ARPA systems and ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display & Information Systems) Full coverage of IMO performance standards relating to radar and navigational technology on new and established vessels Covers best practice use of equipment as well as underlying principles, with essential mathematics and complicated concepts illustrated through the use of clear illustrations

Target Detection by Marine Radar

Target Detection by Marine Radar
Author: John N. Briggs
Publisher: IET
Total Pages: 702
Release: 2004-12-03
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0863413595

Radar is a legal necessity for the safe navigation of merchant ships, and within vessel traffic services is indispensable to the operation of major ports and harbours. Target Detection by Marine Radar concentrates solely on civil marine operations and explains how marine surveillance radars detect their targets. The book is fully illustrated and contains worked examples to help the reader understand the principles underlying radar operation and to quantify the importance of factors such as the technical features of specific equipment, the weather, target reflection properties, and the ability of the operator. The precision with which targets are positioned on the radar screen and with which their progress is tracked or predicted depends on how definitely they have been detected, therefore a whole chapter has been devoted to the issue of accuracy. The various international regulations governing marine radar are examined, a brief historical background is given to modern day practice and the book doses with a discussion of the ways in which marine radar may develop to meet future challenges.

Radar and ARPA Manual

Radar and ARPA Manual
Author: Alan G. Bole
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 565
Release: 2005-04-21
Genre: Transportation
ISBN: 0080480527

Radar and ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aids) are standard systems on all commercial vessels and are widely used in the leisure maritime sector. This fully revised new edition covers the complete radar/ARPA installation, including AIS (Automatic Identification System) and ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display & Information Systems). It serves as the most comprehensive and up-to-date reference on equipment and techniques for radar observers using older and newer systems alike. Suitable for use both as a professional user's reference and as a training text, it covers all aspects of radar and ARPA technology, its use and its role in shipboard operations. Reference is made throughout to IMO (International Maritime Organisation) Performance Standards, the role of radar in navigation and in collision avoidance, and to international professional and amateur marine operations qualifications. * The most up-to-date book available, with full coverage of modern radar and ARPA systems, integrated electronic bridge systems and the 2004 IMO Radar regulations* The industry authority text, widely-used* Meets professional, educational and leisure maritime needs, covering both professional and amateur certificate requirements

Artificial Intelligence Applied to Target Tracking, Phase II

Artificial Intelligence Applied to Target Tracking, Phase II
Author: Tarun Bhattacharya
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 1995
Genre:
ISBN:

Describes the implementation of a multiple target tracker for marine vessels which incorporates radar, geographic, and vessel-specific information along with artificial intelligence techniques for resolving potential tracking errors. Features include: a multiple hypothesis tracking subsystem that maintains up to a user-specified number of tracking hypotheses at once, thus avoiding mis-associations and loss of track; a geographic information system subsystem, incorporating channel and vessel routing knowledge to main track as targets turn from one channel to the next; and a dynamic transmit model which implements an expert system that predicts how vessels will manoeuvre as they move through channels, along ferry routes, or into close proximity with each other. Sections of the document cover system functional descriptions, software requirements, development environment, software design, and test results using real radar data and simulations. Appendices include software documentation and specifications.

Innovative Target Tracking Techniques for Modern Radar and Sonar Systems

Innovative Target Tracking Techniques for Modern Radar and Sonar Systems
Author: Alfonso Farina
Publisher: Mdpi AG
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023-01-30
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9783036535371

The aim of this Special Issue is to gather recent advances and development in target tracking techniques to determine how they can be adapted for modern radar and sonar systems. After peer review, 17 articles in related areas have been accepted for publishing in this Special Issue. The published articles cover a range of topics and applications central to target tracking. There are eight papers about general multi-target tracking, including the topics of joint tracking and classification [3], adaptive estimation using clutter measurement probability [6], joint localization and tracking [7], extended target tracking [8], tracking with smoothing [11], DOA tracking [12], tracking under low detection probability [14], and sonar tracking and interception [17]. Three papers address multi-sensor multi-target tracking methods. Specifically, a multi-target estimating method for pulsed radar systems is proposed in [2], a joint dwell time and bandwidth optimization method in a radar network is proposed in [4], a and multiple marine ship tracking method with unknown backgrounds is presented in [9]. There are 2 papers [10,15] on the problem of target assignment in multi-sensor multi-target tracking. Moreover, Mallick et al. considered measures of nonlinearity of a polynomial curve in two dimensions [1], Zhao et al. explored the use of calibration targets for which the positions are known to the MPR system, to counter the loss in target localization accuracy arising from transmitter/receiver position errors [13], and Li et al. proposed an algorithm to apply the frequency diversity technique to passive azimuth estimation in [16].