Thyroid cancer can be either common or rare, and takes several forms in multiple populations, such as children and adolescents. The chapters in this book, which provide state-of-the-art knowledge in understanding and treating the condition, are therefore welcome. Our understanding of thyroid cancer is advanced by several chapters on its incidence in a Spanish population, the functionality of p53 and the use of microarray technology in research. Diagnostic issues include the roles of glycosylation and glycoproteins, and use of a γ-camera to evaluate the in vivo biodistributions and internal medical dosimetries of Iodine-131. The majority of chapters address the range of possible treatment protocols, such as IGF signalling, surgical management, sentinel lymph node biopsy, radioiodine treatment and differentiation therapy.