A Novel Approach for Predicting Sublethal Effects of Toxicants to Aquatic Organisms

A Novel Approach for Predicting Sublethal Effects of Toxicants to Aquatic Organisms
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 131
Release: 1984
Genre:
ISBN:

This study compared the effects of water soluble fraction (WSF) of petroleum derived (P) JP-4, a common military and civilian jet fuel, and shale derived (SD) JP-4 on survival, growth, ventilatory rate, preference-avoidance behavior, and tissue of the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) to determine possible interrelationships and to determine which procedures might be possible interrelationships and to determine which procedures might be most descriptive of sublethal stress. Comparative studies were also run using invertbrates and microbial communities. In acute tests, fish were generally more sensitive to jet fuel WSFs than invertebrates. This is consistent with previous observations on the relative toxicity of the major components, benzene and toluene. No major discrepancies occurred in the chronic sensitivities of fish and invertebrates. Fish ventilatory response appeared to be the quickest and most efficient of the sublethal tests used and provided a reasonable estimate of a chronic effect level. Microbial communities responded to low levels of jet fuel exposure, but toxicant related effects would probably be short-lived and of limited consequence in field exposures. Originator supplied keywords include: Toxicity, Lepomis macrochirus, Ventilatory rate, Preference/Avoidance, Microbial Community, Aeolosoma headleyi, Daphnia pulex, Paratanytarsus parthenogenica.

Biological Control of Pest and Vector Insects

Biological Control of Pest and Vector Insects
Author: Vonnie D.C. Shields
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 362
Release: 2017-04-05
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9535130358

This book provides recent contributions of current strategies to control insect pests written by experts in their respective fields. Topics include semiochemicals based insect management techniques, assessment of lethal dose/concentrations, strategies for efficient biological control practices, bioinsecticidal formulations and mechanisms of action involving RNAi technology, light-trap collection of insects, the use of sex pheromonal components and attractants for pest insect capture, measures to increase plant resistance in forest plantations, the use of various baculoviruses as biopesticides, and effect of a pathogenic bacterium against an endangered butterfly species. There are several other chapters that focus on insect vectors, including biting midges as livestock vectors in Tunisia, mosquitoes as vectors in Brazil, human disease vectors in Tanzania, pathogenic livestock and human vectors in Africa, insect vectors of Chagas disease, and transgenic and paratransgenic biotechnologies against dipteran pests and vectors. This book targets general biologists, entomologists, ecologists, zoologists, virologists, and epidemiologists, including both teachers and students.

An Introduction to Aquatic Toxicology

An Introduction to Aquatic Toxicology
Author: Mikko Nikinmaa
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 253
Release: 2014-07-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0124115810

An Introduction to Aquatic Toxicology is an introductory reference for all aspects of toxicology pertaining to aquatic environments. As water sources diminish, the need to understand the effects that contaminants may have on aquatic organisms and ecosystems increases in importance. This book will provide you with a solid understanding of aquatic toxicology, its past, its cutting-edge present and its likely future. An Introduction to Aquatic Toxicology will introduce you to the global issue of aquatic contamination, detailing the major sources of contamination, from where they originate, and their effects on aquatic organisms and their environment. State-of-the-art toxicological topics covered include nanotoxicology, toxicogenomics, bioinformatics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, as well as water management and the toxicological effects of major environmental issues such as algal blooms, climate change and ocean acidification. This book is intended for anyone who wants to know more about the impact of toxicants on aquatic organisms and ecosystems, or to keep up to date with recent and future developments in the field. - Provides with the latest perspectives on the impacts of toxicants on aquatic environments, such as nanotoxicology, toxicogenomics, ocean acidification and eutrophication - Offers a complete overview, beginning with the origins of aquatic toxicology and concluding with potential future challenges - Includes guidance on testing methods and a glossary of aquatic toxicology terms

Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States

Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States
Author: John P. Giesy
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 282
Release: 2014-04-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319038656

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.

Ecological Impacts of Toxic Chemicals

Ecological Impacts of Toxic Chemicals
Author: Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, Paul J. van den Brink, Reinier M. Mann
Publisher: Francisco Sanchez-Bayo
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2011-09-09
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 1608051218

Ecological Impacts of Toxic Chemicals presents a comprehensive, yet readable account of the known disturbances caused by all kinds of toxic chemicals on both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Topics cover the sources of toxicants, their fate and distribution through the planet, their impacts on specific ecosystems, and their remediation by natural systems. Each chapter is written by well-known specialists in those areas, for the general public, students, and even scientists from outside this field. The book intends to raise awareness of the dangers of chemical pollution in a world dominated by industry and globalization of resources. Because the problems are widespread and far reaching, it is hoped that confronting the facts may prompt better management practices at industrial, agricultural and all levels of management, from local to governmental, so as to reduce the negative impacts of chemical contaminants on our planet.

Oil in the Sea III

Oil in the Sea III
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 278
Release: 2003-03-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309084385

Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.