Student Differences In Academic Achievement
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| Author | : Joshua Aronson |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 428 |
| Release | : 2002-04-15 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 9780120644551 |
In this book, authors discuss research and theory on the social psychological forces that shape academic achievement. A key focus is to show how psychological principles can be used to foster achievement and make schooling a more enjoyable process. Topics are highly relevant to both social and educational psychology, with discussions of core concepts such as intelligence, motivation, self-esteem and self-concept, expectations and attributions, prejudice, and interpersonal and intergroup relations.
| Author | : Eugene Ortega |
| Publisher | : Nova Science Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : Academic achievement |
| ISBN | : 9781634839860 |
In western countries there is a long tradition studying the academic performance of students. Today there is enough empirical evidence showing the link between social origin and educational performance. The first chapter of this book shows how the social class, socio-economic status of family and parents' expectations about the academic development of their children influence in the educational performance. Chapter two focuses on the empirical literature regarding the relationship of the 65% instructional expenditure ratio, education production function, student achievement, and school district wealth. Chapter three dives into the aspects of executive functioning and its relation to academic achievement, as well as analyses the connection between the academic achievement and the perception the children have of their own executive functioning. Chapter four analyses in detail, in accordance with previous theoretical and empirical data, self-protective mechanisms, self-handicapping and defensive pessimism. Chapter five examines the interrelations between academic striving, effective functioning, personal resolve, and school experience of secondary school students. Chapter six examines the influence of shared and non-shared environmental influences on math-based reaction time/chronometric tasks, as well as their influence on the relationship between chronometric and standardised paper-and-pencil tasks. Chapter seven examines the historical framework underlying postsecondary education in the United States and in Texas, current issues of student attrition, retention, and college success, and ethnicity as it relates to student performance, attrition, and persistence. Chapter eight discusses the role of executive functions on academic performance in Mexican at-risk adolescents. Chapter nine analyses Hispanic student achievement in reading and mathematics as a function of grade span configuration. The final chapter is an overview of the transformation in education through ubiquitous access to the digital universe.
| Author | : Keengwe, Jared |
| Publisher | : IGI Global |
| Total Pages | : 385 |
| Release | : 2019-12-13 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 1799814807 |
As technology continues to develop and prove its importance in modern society, certain professions are acclimating. Aspects such as computer science and computational thinking are becoming essential areas of study. Implementing these subject areas into teaching practices is necessary for younger generations to adapt to the developing world. There is a critical need to examine the pedagogical implications of these technological skills and implement them into the global curriculum. The Handbook of Research on Integrating Computer Science and Computational Thinking in K-12 Education is a collection of innovative research on the methods and applications of computer science curriculum development within primary and secondary education. While highlighting topics including pedagogical implications, comprehensive techniques, and teacher preparation models, this book is ideally designed for teachers, IT consultants, curriculum developers, instructional designers, educational software developers, higher education faculty, administrators, policymakers, researchers, and graduate students.
| Author | : Engin Karadağ |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 333 |
| Release | : 2017-05-14 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 3319560832 |
This book focuses on the effect of psychological, social and demographic variables on student achievement and summarizes the current research findings in the field. It addresses the need for inclusive and interpretive studies in the field in order to interpret student achievement literature and suggests new pathways for further studies. Appropriately, a meta-analysis approach is used by the contributors to show the big picture to the researchers by analyzing and combining the findings from different independent studies. In particular, the authors compile various studies examining the relationship between student achievement and 21 psychological, social and demographic variables separately. The philosophy behind this book is to direct future research and practices rather than addressing the limits of current studies.
| Author | : Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 503 |
| Release | : 2013-11-13 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309283140 |
Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 182 |
| Release | : 2015-03-05 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264229949 |
This fascinating compilation of the recent data on gender differences in education presents a wealth of data, analysed from a multitude of angles in a clear and lively way.
| Author | : Richard Rothstein |
| Publisher | : Teachers College Press |
| Total Pages | : 210 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 9780807745564 |
Contemporary public policy assumes that the achievement gap between black and white students could be closed if only schools would do a better job. According to Richard Rothstein, "Closing the gaps between lower-class and middle-class children requires social and economic reform as well as school improvement. Unfortunately, the trend is to shift most of the burden to schools, as if they alone can eradicate poverty and inequality." In this book, Rothstein points the way toward social and economic reforms that would give all children a more equal chance to succeed in school. This book features: a summary of numerous studies linking school achievement to health care quality, nutrition, childrearing styles, housing stability, parental economic security, and more ; aA look at erroneous and misleading data that underlie commonplace claims that some schools "beat the demographic odds and therefore any school can close the achievement gap if only it adopted proper practices." ; and an analysis of how the over-emphasis of standardized tests in federal law obscures the true achievement gap and makes narrowing it more difficult.
| Author | : Ronald R. Schmeck |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 381 |
| Release | : 2013-11-11 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 1489921184 |
A style is any pattern we see in a person's way of accomplishing a particular type of task. The "task" of interest in the present context is education-learning and remembering in school and transferring what is learned to the world outside of school. Teachers are expressing some sort of awareness of style when they observe a particular action taken by a particular student and then say something like: "This doesn't surprise me! That's just the way he is. " Observation of a single action cannot reveal a style. One's impres sion of a person's style is abstracted from multiple experiences of the person under similar circumstances. In education, if we understand the styles of individual students, we can often anticipate their perceptions and subsequent behaviors, anticipate their misunderstandings, take ad vantage of their strengths, and avoid (or correct) their weaknesses. These are some of the goals of the present text. In the first chapter, I present an overview of the terminology and research methods used by various authors of the text. Although they differ a bit with regard to meanings ascribed to certain terms or with regard to conclusions drawn from certain types of data, there is none theless considerable agreement, especially when one realizes that they represent three different continents and five different nationalities.
| Author | : Erin McNamara Horvat |
| Publisher | : Rowman & Littlefield |
| Total Pages | : 268 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 9780742542730 |
Beyond Acting White broadens the extant conversation on the Black-White achievement gap that has been dominated by the notion that Blacks underperform in school because they fear (being accused of) 'acting white.' The authors elucidate the limitations of this explanation by presenting new research that theorizes race as a social phenomenon, unmasks the heterogeneity of the Black experience, and contends with the specifics of social context in the culture and organization of schools and communities.
| Author | : Paula J. Gordon |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 218 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Academic achievement |
| ISBN | : |
This case study examined achievement differences in an urban school where student achievement was high in K-5 but declined in Grades 6-8. School- and classroom-level factors, such as the principal's leadership, school culture, school vision, qualified teachers, use of student performance data, curriculum and instructional practices, and external factors such as parent and community partnerships were examined. Quantitative data were analyzed to identify differences in student achievement between transfer students from a feeder school and nontransfer students. Where differences existed, multiple and fixed effect regressions identified the most likely predictor(s) of the differences. Analysis identified a combination of contributing student-level factors: special education, Limited English Proficiency, transfer, race/ethnicity, and poverty, leading to the conclusion that the problem stemmed from a combination of factors. While transfer students contributed to depressed academic achievement in Mathematics, the decline had begun in Grade 4, before the merger of students. Thus, it was concluded that transfer students were not the sole cause of the overall decline in performance. Similar findings for Language Arts Literacy led to the same conclusion. Analysis of qualitative data indicated that the effectiveness of the school was dependent on several key factors: the cited student-level factors, consistent and stable leadership, accessible resources (defined as support and time), teacher expectations, lower curricular rigor, and parental involvement. The effectiveness of the school was dependent on perceived accessible resources, such as support and time, and effective stable leadership. Inconsistent guidance and planning were reflected in the instability of leadership at the middle school level, inadequate time to plan and collaborate, pressure of accountability and minimal parental involvement. This challenge created an environment in which meeting the high expectations and accountability standards seemed unattainable and insurmountable, producing a less effective school. The study provides important quantitative and qualitative evidence of school and student factors that can contribute to decline in achievement at an urban middle school, especially with regard to problems with the transfer component of No Child Left Behind. It was concluded that factors affecting student achievement are multidimensional and that solutions are very difficult but not insurmountable.
