Several Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques for Assessing Stiffness and MOE of Small-diameter Logs

Several Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques for Assessing Stiffness and MOE of Small-diameter Logs
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 16
Release: 2001
Genre: Timber
ISBN:

Many forests of the United States have large areas that contain trees of small diameter, mixed species, and undefined quality. Because these areas are at risk from attack by insects, disease, and uncontrollable wild fires, it is essential to find ways to increase the incentive to harvest this small-diameter material. One way to do this is to develop cost-effective products for the fiber from these trees. Nondestructive technology needs to be developed to evaluate the potential quality of stems and logs obtained from trees in such ecosystems. Static bending, transverse vibration, and longitudinal stress wave techniques are frequently used to assess the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of lumber. Excellent correlations between MOE values obtained from these techniques have been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of these techniques to evaluate the flexural stiffness and MOE of small-diameter logs. A total of 159 red pine and jack pine logs were obtained from northern Michigan and were assessed nondestructively using these techniques. Statistical comparisons between stiffness and MOE values obtained from each technique were then examined. Results of this study demonstrated that strong relationships exist between the log properties determined by the three techniques, longitudinal stress wave, transverse vibration, and static bending. Developed models allow for the prediction of static bending properties of logs at levels of accuracy previously considered unattainable. This indicates that any of these techniques can be used to sort small diameter logs with reasonable accuracy.

Nondestructive Evaluation of Wood

Nondestructive Evaluation of Wood
Author: Forest Service (U S )
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Total Pages: 176
Release: 2015
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780160928871

Nature's engineering of wood through genetics, wind, and weather creates a wide variability in wood as a material. Consequently, manufacture and users of wood products are frequently frustrated in dealing with the forest resource. Manufacturers sometimes argue that wood is difficult to consistently process into quality products because of the wide range of properties that exist in this raw material. Users of wood products can be equally frustrated with the performance variability found in finished products. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies have contributed significantly toward eliminating the cause of these frustrations. NDE technologies have been developed and are currently used in lumber and veneer grading programs that result in engineered materials that have consistent well-defined performance characteristics. This brief volume explores some of the processes that are used to manufacture wood, including green wood technology and provides a bit of history to wood production and its uses too. Other products that may interest you from the US Forest Service can be found at this link: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/819

Wood Properties and Processing

Wood Properties and Processing
Author: Miha Humar
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 350
Release: 2020-05-23
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3039288210

Wood-based materials are CO2-neutral, renewable, and considered to be environmentally friendly. The huge variety of wood species and wood-based composites allows a wide scope of creative and esthetic alternatives to materials with higher environmental impacts during production, use and disposal. Quality of wood is influenced by the genetic and environmental factors. One of the emerging uses of wood are building and construction applications. Modern building and construction practices would not be possible without use of wood or wood-based composites. The use of composites enables using wood of lower quality for the production of materials with engineered properties for specific target applications. Even more, the utilization of such reinforcing particles as carbon nanotubes and nanocellulose enables development of a new generation of composites with even better properties. The positive aspect of decomposability of waste wood can turn into the opposite when wood or wood-based materials are exposed to weathering, moisture oscillations, different discolorations, and degrading organisms. Protective measures are therefore unavoidable for many outdoor applications. Resistance of wood against different aging factors is always a combined effect of toxic or inhibiting ingredients on the one hand, and of structural, anatomical, or chemical ways of excluding moisture on the other.

Non-Destructive Testing And Evaluation For Manufacturing And Construction.

Non-Destructive Testing And Evaluation For Manufacturing And Construction.
Author: H. Dos Reis
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 576
Release: 1989-12-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9780891169260

Exploring advances and strengthening communications among researchers in manufacturing and construction technologies, this book covers nondestructive testing and evaluation methods. Drawing on a wide range of experts, it provides insights from every sector of the field. Based on a three-day conference titled "Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction" held on the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the papers presented in the book foster development of new and innovative methods.