Excerpt from Stokes' Encyclopedia of Music and Musicians: Covering the Entire Period of Musical History From the Earliest Times to the Season of 1908-09 In order to include hundreds of new subjects while giving ade quate treatment to the usual topics, it has been necessary to adopt some method of condensation. Abbreviations have been employed and such useless verbiage as the time and place of his death are a matter of dispute has been eliminated. In biographical accounts the name of the person is invariably followed by an active verb leading into that person's achievements. If the dates or other facts are unknown, they are omitted Without comment. This book was written to meet the necessities of students and lovers of music, but it is hoped that professional musicians may find it helpful by reason of its simplicity, compactness, and thorough system of cross-referencing. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.