This synthesis will be of interest to finance officers, administrators, legislators, and others interested in the actions that states take to stem evasion of highway fuel taxes. Information is presented on the types of schemes that are being used to evade paying fuel taxes and on practices that have been successful in eliminating those schemes and increasing fuel tax revenues. With shortages of funds to meet current and future highway needs, it is important for states to stem evasion of fuel taxes. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes some of the schemes that have been devised to evade paying fuel taxes and a number of successful practices that states have used to foil those schemes.