Stabilization of Clay Using Fly Ash

Stabilization of Clay Using Fly Ash
Author: Khelifa Saiki
Publisher:
Total Pages: 136
Release: 2014
Genre: Fly ash
ISBN:

Soil stabilization is a technique to improve soil properties. Currently many methods are available to stabilize soils and improve their engineering properties. The soil type,soilstructure and economic factors govern the decision to select an appropriate single or a combination of two or more methods. The stabilization of soil can be accomplished by adding cementing material, or some other chemical material to change engineering property of soil. After this addition of stabilizer to soil, engineering properties of soil such as increases strength, load bearing capacity, durability, workability and etc. Stabilization can be achieved by mechanically mixing the natural soil and stabilizer together to reach desired improvement. There are many types of additives which can be used for stabilization. There are Portland cement, lime and fly ash. This project focuses on the effectiveness of fly ash as stabilizer. Fly ash is a waste material produced by combustion of pulverized coal in thermal power plants. Since many years fly ash has been used as a construction material. Thermal power plants produce two kinds of fly ash; class F and class C. Class F fly ash is more popular than class C and contains less amount of lime. Class C fly ash has a large amount of lime, (more than 20%), so it has a better cementing characteristic. Class F ash are used in Portland cement production. While class C fly ash is more suitable in soil stabilization because of high percentage of lime and its cementing characteristics. In this project we used fly ash of class C as soil stabilizer, by adding a varying proportions of fly ash we determined the basic geotechnical properties such as, specific gravity, plasticity, compaction characteristics, unconfined compression strength and stress-strain modulus. Addition of small percentage of fly ash (about 3 %) decrease plasticity characteristics of clay. Beyond this percentage, addition of fly- ash tends to increase the plasticity. Harvard Miniature Compaction Tests indicate that maximum dry density increases with increasing fly ash content and optimum moisture contents decrease with increase in ash contents. Unconfined compressive tests were conducted on compacted specimens corresponding water content of optimum moisture contents (OMC), OMC-2%, and OMC +2%. The unconfined compressive strength (qu) and consequently the undrained shear strength (Su) which is half the unconfined compressive strength show a steep increase at 6% fly ash, beyond that increased moderately with increasing fly ash content for all the 3 moisture content conditions. However, the stress-strain moduli with increases with increasing fly ash contents. However it appears that there is no correlation between the modulus of elasticity ant the unconfined compressive strength. The result analysis of this study, it appears that fly ash class "C" is not an effective stabilizer to stabilize clay. This may be due to the fact that both clay particles and fly-ash particle have approximately same size. This might result in poor gradation that is deficient in particle interlocking in clay-fly ash mixtures. Another important property required for effective stabilization is plasticity. Unlike Lime, fly ash is a low non- plastic material and is not effective in binding the soil particles together.

Ground Improvement Techniques and Geosynthetics

Ground Improvement Techniques and Geosynthetics
Author: T Thyagaraj
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 403
Release: 2018-09-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9811305595

The book comprises select proceedings of the 2016 annual conference of the Indian Geotechnical Society (IGC 2016), with technical papers on the theme “Ground Improvement and Geosynthetics”. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including chemical modification using admixtures, microbial-induced carbonate precipitation, geopolymers, fly ash and other industrial wastes, modification using geosynthetic materials such as natural and synthetic fibers, expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam, prefabricated vertical drains, geosynthetic encased-granular columns and mechanical densification through sand columns. This book is a valuable reference for researchers and practicing engineers alike.

Ground Improvement and Reinforced Soil Structures

Ground Improvement and Reinforced Soil Structures
Author: C. N. V. Satyanarayana Reddy
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 788
Release: 2021-07-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9811618313

This volume comprises the select proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC) 2020. The contents focus on recent developments in geotechnical engineering for sustainable tomorrow. The volume covers the topics related advances in ground improvement of weak foundation soils for various civil engineering projects and design/construction of reinforced soil structures with different fill materials using synthetic and natural reinforcements in different forms.

Soil Stabilization with Cement and Lime

Soil Stabilization with Cement and Lime
Author: Philip Thomas Sherwood
Publisher: Stationery Office Books (TSO)
Total Pages: 172
Release: 1993
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN:

Soil stabilization is the process whereby soils and related materials are made stronger and more durable by mixing with a stabilizing agent. These techniques are used for road construction in most parts of the world, although the circumstances and reasons for resorting to stabilization vary considerably.

Engineering Treatment of Soils

Engineering Treatment of Soils
Author: Fred Bell
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 310
Release: 2002-11-01
Genre: Architecture
ISBN: 020347418X

This book reviews the techniques used to improve the engineering behaviour of soils, either in situ or when they are used as a construction material. It is a straightforward, well illustrated and readable account of the techniques and includes numerous up-to-date references.

Handbook of Alkali-Activated Cements, Mortars and Concretes

Handbook of Alkali-Activated Cements, Mortars and Concretes
Author: F. Pacheco-Torgal
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 855
Release: 2014-11-20
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1782422889

This book provides an updated state-of-the-art review on new developments in alkali-activation. The main binder of concrete, Portland cement, represents almost 80% of the total CO2 emissions of concrete which are about 6 to 7% of the Planet’s total CO2 emissions. This is particularly serious in the current context of climate change and it could get even worse because the demand for Portland cement is expected to increase by almost 200% by 2050 from 2010 levels, reaching 6000 million tons/year. Alkali-activated binders represent an alternative to Portland cement having higher durability and a lower CO2 footprint. Reviews the chemistry, mix design, manufacture and properties of alkali-activated cement-based concrete binders Considers performance in adverse environmental conditions. Offers equal emphasis on the science behind the technology and its use in civil engineering.

Fly Ash Soil Stabilization for Non-uniform Subgrade Soils: Engineering properties and construction guidelines

Fly Ash Soil Stabilization for Non-uniform Subgrade Soils: Engineering properties and construction guidelines
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 182
Release: 2005
Genre: Fly ash
ISBN:

Soil treated with self-cementing fly ash is increasingly being used in Iowa to stabilize pavement subgrades, but without a complete understanding of the short- and long-term behavior. To develop a broader understanding of fly ash engineering properties, mixtures of five different soil types, ranging from ML to CH, and several different fly ash sources (including hydrated and conditioned fly ashes) were evaluated.

Foundations on Expansive Soils

Foundations on Expansive Soils
Author: Fu Hua Chen
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 301
Release: 2012-12-02
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 044460166X

Foundations on Expansive Soils provides the practicing engineer with a summary of the state-of-the-art of expansive soils and practical solutions based on the author's experience. The book is organized into two parts. Part I deals with theory and practice, and summarizes some of the theoretical physical properties of expansive soils. It also discusses various techniques employed to found structures on expansive soils such as drilled pier foundation, mat foundation, moisture control, soil replacement, and chemical stabilization. Topics covered include the origin, mineralogical composition, and the basic structure of expansive soils; the migration of water, swelling potential, and swelling pressure; site investigations and laboratory testing; moisture control; and soil stabilization. Part II presents case studies on the following: distress caused by pier uplift; distress caused by the improper design and construction of a drilled pier foundation system; distress caused by heaving of footing pad and floor slab; distress caused by heaving of continuous footings; and distress caused by a rise of ground water.