The Easy R

The Easy R
Author: Charlotte Boshart
Publisher:
Total Pages: 120
Release: 2016-01-01
Genre:
ISBN: 9781940908083

Speech Dynamics

Speech Dynamics
Author: Felicitas Kleber
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 490
Release: 2024-10-07
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 3110765411

The relationship between diachronic change and synchronic variation at the articulatory, auditory, acoustic and social level is one of the greatest puzzles in the study of language. Even though plentiful examples exist to suggest that dynamics of synchronic variation and diachronic change are tightly interconnected, a unified theory to account for language change in its relationship to all layers of synchronic variation remains a desideratum. This volume compiles new evidence from articulatory, acoustic, auditory, sociolinguistic, and phonological analyses of segmental and prosodic data and computational modelling, and offers a refreshing theoretical angle on the ongoing debates in language change. The volume is divided into three sections, each focusing on one aspect of speech dynamics – the historical, the emerging and the theoretical, each making a step toward a unified view of speech dynamics at the interface of synchronic variation and diachronic change. The large range of methodologies and theories represented in this book will appeal to scholars from a variety of linguistic fields with an interest in speech dynamics, including phoneticians, phonologists, sociolinguists, typologists, computational and historical linguists.

Dynamic Speech Models

Dynamic Speech Models
Author: Li Deng
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 105
Release: 2022-05-31
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3031025555

Speech dynamics refer to the temporal characteristics in all stages of the human speech communication process. This speech “chain” starts with the formation of a linguistic message in a speaker's brain and ends with the arrival of the message in a listener's brain. Given the intricacy of the dynamic speech process and its fundamental importance in human communication, this monograph is intended to provide a comprehensive material on mathematical models of speech dynamics and to address the following issues: How do we make sense of the complex speech process in terms of its functional role of speech communication? How do we quantify the special role of speech timing? How do the dynamics relate to the variability of speech that has often been said to seriously hamper automatic speech recognition? How do we put the dynamic process of speech into a quantitative form to enable detailed analyses? And finally, how can we incorporate the knowledge of speech dynamics into computerized speech analysis and recognition algorithms? The answers to all these questions require building and applying computational models for the dynamic speech process. What are the compelling reasons for carrying out dynamic speech modeling? We provide the answer in two related aspects. First, scientific inquiry into the human speech code has been relentlessly pursued for several decades. As an essential carrier of human intelligence and knowledge, speech is the most natural form of human communication. Embedded in the speech code are linguistic (as well as para-linguistic) messages, which are conveyed through four levels of the speech chain. Underlying the robust encoding and transmission of the linguistic messages are the speech dynamics at all the four levels. Mathematical modeling of speech dynamics provides an effective tool in the scientific methods of studying the speech chain. Such scientific studies help understand why humans speak as they do and how humans exploit redundancy and variability by way of multitiered dynamic processes to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of human speech communication. Second, advancement of human language technology, especially that in automatic recognition of natural-style human speech is also expected to benefit from comprehensive computational modeling of speech dynamics. The limitations of current speech recognition technology are serious and are well known. A commonly acknowledged and frequently discussed weakness of the statistical model underlying current speech recognition technology is the lack of adequate dynamic modeling schemes to provide correlation structure across the temporal speech observation sequence. Unfortunately, due to a variety of reasons, the majority of current research activities in this area favor only incremental modifications and improvements to the existing HMM-based state-of-the-art. For example, while the dynamic and correlation modeling is known to be an important topic, most of the systems nevertheless employ only an ultra-weak form of speech dynamics; e.g., differential or delta parameters. Strong-form dynamic speech modeling, which is the focus of this monograph, may serve as an ultimate solution to this problem. After the introduction chapter, the main body of this monograph consists of four chapters. They cover various aspects of theory, algorithms, and applications of dynamic speech models, and provide a comprehensive survey of the research work in this area spanning over past 20~years. This monograph is intended as advanced materials of speech and signal processing for graudate-level teaching, for professionals and engineering practioners, as well as for seasoned researchers and engineers specialized in speech processing

Dynamics of Speech Production and Perception

Dynamics of Speech Production and Perception
Author: Pierre Divenyi
Publisher: IOS Press
Total Pages: 394
Release: 2006
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9781586036669

"Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Dynamics of Speech Production and Perception, Il Ciocco (Lucca), Italy, 23 June -6 July 2006"--T.p. verso.

Articulatory Speech Synthesis from the Fluid Dynamics of the Vocal Apparatus

Articulatory Speech Synthesis from the Fluid Dynamics of the Vocal Apparatus
Author: Stephen Levinson
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 104
Release: 2022-06-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3031025636

This book addresses the problem of articulatory speech synthesis based on computed vocal tract geometries and the basic physics of sound production in it. Unlike conventional methods based on analysis/synthesis using the well-known source filter model, which assumes the independence of the excitation and filter, we treat the entire vocal apparatus as one mechanical system that produces sound by means of fluid dynamics. The vocal apparatus is represented as a three-dimensional time-varying mechanism and the sound propagation inside it is due to the non-planar propagation of acoustic waves through a viscous, compressible fluid described by the Navier-Stokes equations. We propose a combined minimum energy and minimum jerk criterion to compute the dynamics of the vocal tract during articulation. Theoretical error bounds and experimental results show that this method obtains a close match to the phonetic target positions while avoiding abrupt changes in the articulatory trajectory. The vocal folds are set into aerodynamic oscillation by the flow of air from the lungs. The modulated air stream then excites the moving vocal tract. This method shows strong evidence for source-filter interaction. Based on our results, we propose that the articulatory speech production model has the potential to synthesize speech and provide a compact parameterization of the speech signal that can be useful in a wide variety of speech signal processing problems. Table of Contents: Introduction / Literature Review / Estimation of Dynamic Articulatory Parameters / Construction of Articulatory Model Based on MRI Data / Vocal Fold Excitation Models / Experimental Results of Articulatory Synthesis / Conclusion

The MyoFunctional Evaluation

The MyoFunctional Evaluation
Author: Charlotte Boshart
Publisher:
Total Pages: 96
Release: 2017-09
Genre:
ISBN: 9781940908106

The Myofunctional Evaluation provides a logical and well-organized sequence to follow for evaluating tongue thrust clients. It covers the oral resting posture, respiration, oral hard and soft tissue, and habits.

The Key to Carryover

The Key to Carryover
Author: Charlotte Boshart
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2013-11-01
Genre:
ISBN: 9781940908038

Sad, but true, some children remain in speech therapy longer than they should. Even when the child can say his "new sound", he fails to progress into the conversation level, i.e., he neglects to "carryover." It's frustrating for everyone. So what can be done? Well, there is a little-known, highly effective speech solution that's easy to integrate into treatment. It centers on what the tongue is doing--when it's doing nothing! How can this be helpful? Because of one critical principle: where the tongue rests is where it speaks. When the tongue learns to rest on top in the speech zone, it can easily reach all speech sounds. But when the tongue rests "low", for example, speech sounds are frequently distorted. Many times the speech result is a "lisp." Written by a well-known, experienced speech therapist, The Key to Carryover is an easy-to-teach action plan that provides full analysis, interpretation, and step-by-step therapy that instills the new resting postures for consistent and correct speech production.

Swalloworks

Swalloworks
Author: Charlotte Boshart
Publisher:
Total Pages: 190
Release: 2017-01-01
Genre:
ISBN: 9781940908090

Swalloworks provides fundamental information about orofacial myology, and outlines a myo-functional program to remediate the tongue thrust swallow and harmful oral resting posture.

Nonlinear Dynamics in Human Behavior

Nonlinear Dynamics in Human Behavior
Author: Raoul Huys
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 216
Release: 2010-12-08
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 3642162614

Humans engage in a seemingly endless variety of different behaviors, of which some are found across species, while others are conceived of as typically human. Most generally, behavior comes about through the interplay of various constraints – informational, mechanical, neural, metabolic, and so on – operating at multiple scales in space and time. Over the years, consensus has grown in the research community that, rather than investigating behavior only from bottom up, it may be also well understood in terms of concepts and laws on the phenomenological level. Such top down approach is rooted in theories of synergetics and self-organization using tools from nonlinear dynamics. The present compendium brings together scientists from all over the world that have contributed to the development of their respective fields departing from this background. It provides an introduction to deterministic as well as stochastic dynamical systems and contains applications to motor control and coordination, visual perception and illusion, as well as auditory perception in the context of speech and music.