Space Debris Cloud Evolution In Low Earth Orbit
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Space Debris
| Author | : N.N. Smirnov |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 246 |
| Release | : 2001-11-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780415279079 |
When the first sputnik was launched and the space era began, few gave thought to the possible negative impact of putting satellites into orbit. In fact, man's space activity has led to the formation of a new media named "space debris," i.e. man-made objects and their fragments launched into space, currently inactive and no longer serving any useful purpose. Space Debris: Hazard Evaluation and Mitigation will appeal to readers unfamiliar with the issues, as well as experts and designers. It introduces concepts behind the problems of space ecology. The volume features actual data on the space debris environment; new mathematical models for space debris evolution, production and self-production; description of the existing software and concepts for shield design. The author also reviews methods of collision risk assessment, including the attitudes and inclinations of orbits, collision hazard evaluation and suggestions for preventative measures.
Orbital Debris
| Author | : Committee on Space Debris |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 225 |
| Release | : 1995-06-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309587166 |
Since the beginning of space flight, the collision hazard in Earth orbit has increased as the number of artificial objects orbiting the Earth has grown. Spacecraft performing communications, navigation, scientific, and other missions now share Earth orbit with spent rocket bodies, nonfunctional spacecraft, fragments from spacecraft breakups, and other debris created as a byproduct of space operations. Orbital Debris examines the methods we can use to characterize orbital debris, estimates the magnitude of the debris population, and assesses the hazard that this population poses to spacecraft. Potential methods to protect spacecraft are explored. The report also takes a close look at the projected future growth in the debris population and evaluates approaches to reducing that growth. Orbital Debris offers clear recommendations for targeted research on the debris population, for methods to improve the protection of spacecraft, on methods to reduce the creation of debris in the future, and much more.
Artificial Space Debris
| Author | : Nicholas L. Johnson |
| Publisher | : Krieger Publishing Company |
| Total Pages | : 140 |
| Release | : 1987 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : |
Orbital Debris: A Chronology
| Author | : David S. F. Portree |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 176 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Space debris |
| ISBN | : |
The 37-year (1961-1998) history of orbital debris concerns. Tracks orbital debris hazard creation, research, observation, experimentation, management, mitigation, protection, and policy. Includes debris-producing, events; U.N. orbital debris treaties, Space Shuttle and space station orbital debris issues; ASAT tests; milestones in theory and modeling; uncontrolled reentries; detection system development; shielding development; geosynchronous debris issues, including reboost policies: returned surfaces studies, seminar papers reports, conferences, and studies; the increasing effect of space activities on astronomy; and growing international awareness of the near-Earth environment.
Orbiting Debris
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 68 |
| Release | : 1990 |
| Genre | : Electronic government information |
| ISBN | : |
Assessment of the NASA Evolve Long-Term Orbital Debris Evolution Model
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 159 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The EVOLVE long-term orbital debris evolution model developed for the NASA Johnson Space Center by Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Company and Systems Planning Corporation is described and evaluated in detail. This computer model calculates the low earth orbit (LEO) debris spatial number density or flux environment as a function of fragment size, altitude, and time. Launched intact objects, introduced from detailed manifest databases, are time-evolved with an analytical orbit propagator. Debris clouds, formed from the application of cloud formation algorithm and breakup model, are time-evolved using a derived phenomenological function. This report describes the overall computer model (e.g., its deterministic and stochastic modes of calculation) and examines the individual submodels used to quantify the debris population in LEO. Model results are compared to observed debris data. Specific recommendations and possible model improvements are cited. Also presented is a sample satellite constellation hazard assessment using EVOLVE. (MM).
